1. ROME

2. The Geography of Rome Rome= small city state
Center of Mediterranean Sea
Broad, fertile plains support large population

3. The History of
Ancient Italy

4. Italy in 750 BCE

5. Romans drive out Etruscan king 509 BC
Set up republic – “thing
of the people”
Keep any individual from gaining too
much power

6. The Roman
Republic:
509 BCE - 27 BCE

7. Republican Government
2 Consuls
(Rulers of Rome)
Senate
(Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly
(Representative body for plebeians)

8. Roman Republic Senate = 300 members, serve for life, create laws
Patricians = landholders
Consuls= elected by Senate, serve as check to power,
serve 1 term,
command army,
supervise government
Plebeians= farmers, merchants, artisans, traders
Tribunes= officials elected by Plebeians
Veto over harmful laws
Slowly gain power- consul, senate

9. Dictator Ruler with complete control
Senate chooses dictator in time of war-- WHY?
Dictator has power for 6 months, then must give up power
Cincinnatus = Model Roman Dictator
Farmer given dictatorial powers in early republic
Organizes army, leads Rome to victory, and then gives the power back to the senate and returns to his fields

10. The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE
Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.

11. The Roman Forum

12. Rome’s Early Road System

13. Roman Roads: The Appian Way

14. Roman Aqueducts

15. The Roman Colosseum

16. The Colosseum Interior

17. Circus Maximus

18. Carthaginian Empire Carthage= N. African city state
Competes with Rome for power in Med. world

19. Hannibal’s Route Hannibal= Carthaginian general
Leads army on march to Rome, defeated by Romans

20. Reform Leaders Military Reformer Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.
Military Reformer
Gaius Marius
recruited an army from the poor and homeless.
professional standing army.

21. Civil War & Dictators Julius Caesar Pompey
Rome expands lands through military conquest
Julius Caesar
Pompey
Two generals vie for power- Caesar wins

22. Julius Caesar Army commander forces Senate to make him dictator
“ I came, I saw, I conquered”
Reforms: Packs Senate w/ supporters
Public Works = Jobs
Public Land to poor
Julian Calendar

23. Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE
Fearing that he will disband Senate and become king, senators plot to kill Caesar to save republic

24. The
Roman Empire:
27 BCE CE

25. Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor
Wins battle for power
Assumes absolute power
Augustus = “Exalted One”
Enforces Laws
Jobs based on merit
Public works
New coins= easy trade
Postal service

26. The First Roman Dynasty

27. Pax Romana: 27 BCE – 180 CE

28. Problem: Who Rules next?
Romans don’t like the idea of hereditary rule
Emperor name successor
Leads to corruption, violence, intrigue

29. PAX ROMANA “RomanPeace” - 200 year period
Roman Rule = peace, prosperity, order, unity
“A world everyday better known, cultivated, and civilized”
Why?
Comparisons?

30. Bread and Circus
How should / can a large population of people be controlled by the government?
Entertainment= chariot races, gladiator contests
Free Grain to Poor
General Prosperity / bread and circus hide underlying problems
….have we done this in the US????

31. The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE

32. The Rise of Christianity

33. St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

34. The Spread of Christianity

35. Imperial Roman Road System

36. The Empire in Crisis: 3c

37. Decline 26 Emperors in 50 years
High taxes needed to support army, infrastucture = burden on mid class and poor / business and farmers, declining lifestyles as wealth dwindles
Upperclass lead excessive, decadent lifestyle
Small farmers put out of business- move to large estates to work
Decline in values- patriotism, discipline, gov’t becomes more and more authoritarian

38. Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE

39. Constantine: 312 - 337 Edict of Milan= free worship to all Romans
Establishes new capital “Constantinople”
East = center of power

40. Constantinople: “The 2nd Rome” (Founded in 330)

41. Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c

42. Attila the Hun: “The Scourge of God”

43. Byzantium: The Eastern Roman Empire

44. The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian

45. The Byzantine Emperor Justinian

46. The Legacy of Rome Republic Government Roman Law Latin Language
Roman Catholic Church
City Planning
Romanesque Architectural Style
Roman Engineering
Aqueducts
Sewage systems
Dams
Cement
Arch