1. CSE4100 Programming Language Translation
Prof. Steven A. Demurjian, Sr.
Computer Science & Engineering Department
The University of Connecticut
371 Fairfield Way, Unit 2155
Storrs, Connecticut
(860)

2. Course Goals
Provide a Practical Introduction to Compiler Concepts and Their Construction
Focus on Both Theory and Practice
Theory Demonstrates Strong Mathematical Basis of Compilers
Practice Provides Experimental Framework for Illustrating Theory
Exposure to Research Problems and Real-World Experiences
One of True Ancestors of Computing
Binds Their(REs and CFGs) to Lexical Analysis & Parsing

3. Course Philosophy Introduction to Fundamental Compiler Concepts
Promotion of Knowledge-Acquisition, Self-Learning, and Independence
Rapid Evolution of Computing
Always Must Keep Skills Up-to-Date
“Learn how to Learn”
Team Work and Cooperative Problem Solving
Relevance of Compiler Concepts in Computing
Computer Science Theory
Software Engineering
Operating Systems
Practical Exposure to Compiler Writing Tools

4. Textbooks and Class Materials
One Required Texts …
Compilers: Principles, Techniques and Tools, Aho, et al., 1st edition, Addison-Wesley
2nd edition OK – but lacking some examples and lots of extra material we don’t do
CSE4100 Web Site at …
All Course Notes Available On-Line
Other Class Materials

5. Weekly Topic Coverage 1 Week: Introduction/Overview Ch 1,2
1.5 Wks: Lexical Analysis & Language Theory Ch 3
2.5 Wks: Grammars Top-Down Parsing Ch
3.5 Wks: Bottom-Up Parsing Ch
1.5 Wks: Syntax Directed Translation Ch 5, 4.9
2 Wks: Type Checking, Run- Ch Time Environment, Ch Code Generation, & Ch Optimization Ch 9, 10
2 Wks: Semester Project
1 Wk: Exams

6. Percentages Breakdown for Course Projects and Exams
Projects - Individual and Team (40-50% of Grade)
3 Part Semester Project
Individual (Projs 1 and 2) and Team (2 and 3)
Exams (40-50% of Grade)
Midterm and Final – ITE334/338
Open Book, Open Notes, Web Access
Homeworks (0-10%)
Throughout the Semester - In Class also
If no credit, Up to 2 Bonus Pts. Per Handed in Assignment
Must Pass Both Projects And Exams to PASS!!!
Note: All Subject to Change – Use Breakdown that Most Benefits Students

7. Course Projects Using Flex and Bison
Initial Parts Work Individually
Later Parts Work in Teams of at Least 2
Utilize Compiler Writing Tools
Self-Learning and Knowledge Acquisition
All Programming Projects Will be Demonstrated by the Team for Correctness and Grading Evaluation
Project Topic will be …
Latex Text Processing Language and Generation of Formatted Text

8. Flex and Bison Strongly Recommend their Usage in SoE Linux Environment
All Students have Linux Access (via SoE Acct)
Flex and Bison Available on:
Cselin101.engr.uconn.edu to cselin121.engr.uconn.edu
Need a Remote SSH Package to Access

9. Semester Project – Fall 2017
What is Latex?
Text Processing Language
Embed Commands into Ascii File
Opposite of Word’s WYSIWYG
Geared Towards Publishing – Particularly Prior to Newer Versions of Work
Very Powerful Text Formatting Language
Invented by Computer Scientist Donald Knuth
Famous for: The Art of Computer Programming

10. What is LaTeX? Text Processing Language
Used Extensively in Publication Venues
ACM, IEEE CS, Other Journals
Embed Text Processing Commands in Text
Use Text Editor ( s, vi)
One Popular Implementation:
MikTex – Primarily PC Based
A Good PC Implementation
TeXworks
Many Linux Implementations as Well (free)

11. Semester Project – Fall 2017 – Three Parts
Part I: Three tasks on Lexical Analysis and Grammars
Using Flex design a Lexical Analyzer for Latex
Design and develop a context free grammar (CFG) for a subset of Latex.
Calculate FIRST and FOLLOW for a grammar provided after deliverable Part Ib
Part II: Two tasks on Grammar Analysis/Development
Analyze CFG in Bison for errors and rewrite grammar
Design, implement, and test the common CFG using Flex and Bison
Part III: Three tasks on Syntax Directed Translation
Automatically generates formatted ASCII text and/or HTML/XML from an input Latex source file
Advanced capabilities for nested blocks, full blown verbatim, and type and error checking
Provide documentation in Latex that is run through both MikTex and your Part III

12. Project Part I Has Three Tasks
Task 1: Oct 4: Design and implement a lexical analyzer using the flex generator on the Linux boxes that is able to identify all lexical tokens for the latex subset.
Task 2: Oct 11: Design and develop a context free grammar (CFG) for a subset of Latex.
Task 3: Oct 16: Calculate FIRST and FOLLOW for a grammar provided after deliverable Part I, Task 2.

13. latex.all.txt BASIC LATEX COMMANDS/OPTIONS
The following discusses the Latex commands and options which will be
supported in our text processor. TEXT THAT IS SHOWN IN ALL CAPITAL LETTERS CORRESPONDS TO TOKENS WHICH HAVE MANY DIFFERENT OPTIONS.
1. Section, Subsections, and Table of Contents
Commands Examples or Explanation
\section{STRING} \section{Introduction}
\subsection{STRING} \subsection{A Text Processor}
\subsection{Legal Latex Commands}
\section{Using Latex}
\tableofcontents Generate a table of contents with page numbers
Specifically, it would generate:
1 Introduction
1.1 A Text Processor
1.2 Legal Latex Commands
2 Using Latex

14. latex.all.txt 2. Formatting Commands That Effect The Overall Document
Commands Examples or Explanation
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{INTEGER} Establish the spacing
1 is single, 2 is double, etc.
\pagenumbering{STYLE} STYLE is either arabic, roman, alph, Roman, or Alph
arabic numbers pages using 1, 2, 3, ... etc.
roman numbers pages using i, ii, iii, ... etc.
alph numbers pages using a, b, c, ... etc.
Roman numbers pages using I, II, III, ... etc.
Alph numbers pages using A, B, C, ... etc.
\arabic{COUNTER} COUNTER indicates the initial value of page numbers
\roman{COUNTER} COUNTER indicates the initial value of page numbers
\alph{COUNTER} COUNTER indicates the initial value of page numbers
In this case, counter must be <= 26.
\Roman{COUNTER} COUNTER indicates the initial value of page numbers
\Alph{COUNTER} COUNTER indicates the initial value of page numbers
\vspace{INTEGER} Insert an INTEGER number of blank lines
\hspace{INTEGER} Insert an INTEGER number of blank spaces
\rm Change the font to roman
\it Change the font to italics or underline
When the \rm or \it commands are used within curly braces, i.e., {\it The
Huskies win again!}, only the text within the braces is affected. Otherwise,
the command switches the mode of printing from that point on in the text.

15. latex.all.txt
3. Using Backslash to Indicate a Character Rather Than a Command.
The backslash character (\) is used to tell Latex that the next character
should be treated as a character and not as a command. The backslash is
used with the following characters:
$ & % # { } _
Without the backslash, each character has a special meaning, i.e., % is
for a comment that is ignored during text processing, & divides column
entries of tables, etc. With a backslash, i.e., \%, the character is
interpreted as itself.

16. latex.all.txt 4. Begin/End Blocks - Centering and Verbatim
Begin/end blocks are used within Latex to identify a scope over which a
given command applies. They are best illustrated with examples.
\begin{verbatim} The verbatim option displays the text exactly
Four Score and as it appears within the input file.
Seven Years
Ago Our Forefathers
\end{verbatim}
\begin{center} The center option centers the entire block of
Four Score and\\ text as a single unit. The \\ are used to
Seven Years\\ signal the end of a line.
\end{center}
This produces the output:
Four Score and
Without the second \\, after Seven Years, the output would be:
Seven Years Ago Our Forefathers

17. latex.all.txt Commands can be combined, such as:
\begin{center} This combination centers the entire block,
\begin{verbatim} exactly as it appears, without changing
Four Score and the indentation within each line.
Seven Years
Ago Our Forefathers
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
The output in this case would be:
Four Score and

18. latex.all.txt 5. Begin/End Blocks - single and Lists
Begin/end blocks can also be utilized to construct lists of items
automatically. For example, the following input and commands:
\begin{single}
\begin{itemize}
\item Lexical Analyzer uses DFAs and NFAs
\item Parsing using CFGs
\item Code Generation uses templates and also makes extensive use of
syntax-directed translation via attribute grammars
\end{itemize}
\end{single}
\noindent
These are some of the phases for compilation that we'll study over the
course of the semester.
Produces the output:
- Lexical Analyzer uses DFAs and NFAs
- Parsing uses CFGs
- Code Generation uses templates and also makes extensive use
of syntax-directed translation via attribute grammars.
The command \noindent is used to make sure that a new paragraph is
not started after the list has completed, which would occur as a default.

19. latex.all.txt
The enumerate option is similar, but generates numbers for each item:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Lexical Analyzer uses DFAs and NFAs
\item Parsing using CFGs
\item Code Generation uses templates and also makes extensive use of
syntax-directed translation via attribute grammars
\end{enumerate}
Notice that without the single begin/end block, the following output is
produced:
1. Lexical Analyzer uses DFAs and NFAs
2. Parsing uses CFGs
3. Code Generation uses templates and also makes extensive use
of syntax-directed translation via attribute grammars.

20. Latex.input.txt \begin{document} \pagenumbering{arabic} \arabic{5}
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{2}
\tableofcontents
\section{Introduction}
This is an example of text that would be transformed into a paragraph in
latex. Blank lines between text in the input cause a new paragraph to be
generated.
When the blank line occurs after a section, no indentation of the paragraph
is performed. However, all other blanks, would result in a five space
indent of the paragraph.
\subsection{A Text Processor}
A text processor is a very useful tool, since it allows us to
develop formatted documents that are easy to read.

21. Latex.input.txt \subsection{Legal Latex Commands}
We have seen that there are many different Latex commands, that can be used
in many different ways. However, sometimes, we wish to use a character to
mean itself, and override its Latex interpretation. For example, to use
curly braces, we employ the backslash a set of integers.
\section{Using Latex}
Finally, there are many other useful commands that involve begin/end blocks,
that establish an environment. These blocks behave in a similar fashion to
begin/end blocks in a programming language, since they set a scope. We
have discussed a number of examples.
It is important to note, even at this early stage, that lists may be created
within lists, allowing the nesting of blocks and environments.
\end{document}

22. latexout.txt 1 Introduction This is an example of text that would
be transformed into a paragraph in
latex. Blank lines between text in the
input cause a new paragraph to be
generated. When the blank line occurs
after a section, no indentation of the
paragraph is performed. However, all
other blanks, would result in a five
2.1 A Text Processor
A text processor is a very useful
tool, since it allows us to develop
formatted documents that are easy to

23. latexout.txt 2.2 Legal Latex Commands We have seen that there are many
different Latex commands, that can be
used in many different ways. However,
sometimes, we wish to use a character to
mean itself, and override its Latex
interpretation. For example, to use
curly braces, we employ the backslash a
2 Using Latex
Finally, there are many other useful
commands that involve begin end blocks,
that establish an environment. These
blocks behave in a similar fashion to
begin end blocks in a programming
language, since they set a scope. We
have discussed a number of examples.
It is important to note, even at this
early stage, that lists may be created
within lists, allowing the nesting of
WHY DOESN’T PRINT IT ALL OUT?

24. latextoc.txt 1 Introduction ---------- PAGE 5
2.1 A Text Processor PAGE 5
2.2 Legal Latex Commands PAGE 5
2 Using Latex PAGE 5

25. Cheating/Collaboration
Not Tolerated in Any Form!!!
Severe Penalties are Likely!!!
See University of Connecticut Student Conduct Code
All Homeworks/Some Project Represent Individual Effort!
Remaining Projects Represent Team Effort
Cooperative Problem Solving and Sharing Code is NOT Permitted and Will Likely Lead to Fs!
Electronic Information is More Accessible!

26. Lateness Policies/Exams
Late Assignments (Projects) will Not be Accepted Except with Prior Permission or Emergencies
Prior Permission: Contact the Instructor Three Days Before the Due Date
Emergencies: Illness, Death in the Family, etc.
Contact
S. Demurjian at ITE254, x6-4818, by or via the CSE Office, UTEB250, x6-3719
A Late Assignment is Recorded as a Zero Grade
Assignment Due Date Means Start of Class!!!
Makeup on Absent Exam at Instructor’s Discretion

27. Class Attendance and Computing
Attendance in Class is …
Responsibility of each Student
May Result in Missing Hint/Clarification/Error on Class Project
Change in Due Date or Exam Date
Not All Information Makes it to Web!
Computing for Class is …
Linux Based
Take Files with You!
Your Responsibility to Protect Your Files

28. Statement on Final Exam from Associate Dean of Students
Final exam week for Fall 2017 takes place from Monday, December 11th through Sunday, December 17, Students are required to be available for their exam during the stated time. If you have a conflict with this time, you must visit the Dean of Students Office to discuss the possibility of rescheduling this exam. 
Please note that vacations, previously purchased tickets or reservations, social events, misreading the exam schedule and over-sleeping are not viable excuses for missing a final exam. If you think that your situation warrants permission to reschedule, please contact the Dean of Students Office with any questions. Thank you in advance for your cooperation.