1. Introduction to Anatomy
Week 1
Introduction to Anatomy

2. In the anatomic position:
Objective 1 : Anatomical Position
In the anatomic position:
the body is erect
the feet are on the floor
toes forward
upper appendages are at the sides
palms forward
face forward

3. Superior, Cephalic Inferior, Caudal
Directional terms are used to describe the position of one structure relative to the position of another structure. Directional terms always assume that the body is in the anatomic position.
Superior: above Cranial (Cephalic): toward the head Inferior: below Caudal: toward the tail
Superior, Cephalic Inferior, Caudal
Think of an example using these terms.

4. Anterior (Ventral) Posterior (Dorsal)
Anterior: front Ventral: toward the belly posterior: behind Dorsal: toward the back
Anterior (Ventral) Posterior (Dorsal)
Can you think of some examples using these directional terms?

5. Medial Lateral Intermediate
Medial: toward the midline Lateral: away from the midline Intermediate: between a medial and a lateral structure
Medial Lateral
Intermediate
Is the thumb medial or lateral to the middle finger?
Think carefully before answering!

6. Proximal: toward the origin of a body part or attachment to the trunk
Distal: away from the origin of a body part or its attachment to the trunk
Proximal Distal
Would the region of the femur (thigh bone)
closest to the tibia (shin) be the proximal or distal end of the femur?

7. Superficial (External) Deep (Internal)
Superficial (External): toward the surface of the body
Deep (Internal): away from the surface of the body
Superficial (External) Deep (Internal)

8. Anterior, Cranial, Cephalic
Some directional terms are applied differently to quadripeds…….
Superior, Dorsal
Posterior, Caudal
Anterior, Cranial, Cephalic
Inferior, Ventral

9. Regional Terms

10. Objective 2: Planes (Sections)
An organism or organ can be cut (sectioned) along defined planes. These planes are:
Sagittal: divides a structure into right and left portions
midsagittal: produces equal right and left portions
parasagittal: produces unequal right and left portions
                                                     
                                                                                              
There are an infinite .
                   
Midsagittal (Median) Sagittal, Parasagittal

11. Serial Sections Homepage
                                                                                          
High Power Extract
Date Last Modified: 19/3/99 This site maintained by Dr M. Hill
   
Sagittal Sections
Knee
Foot
knee
Thorax, female
Links
Serial Sections Homepage
Human Homepage
Pig Homepage
Sagittal Sections

12. Transverse:. divides a structure into superior and inferior portions;
Transverse: divides a structure into superior and inferior portions; also called a horizontal, or cross section
                                                     
The Horizontal

13. Transverse (Horizontal) Sections
Thorax
Right Arm

14. The Coronal plane is any
Frontal: divides a structure into anterior and posterior portions; also called coronal
                                                      The Coronal plane is any
Is the palm of the hand anterior or posterior to the surface with the knuckles?

15. Coronal (Frontal) Sections
Nasal Cavity
Wrist
Brain

16. Objective 3: Body Cavities and Abdominopelvic Regions
A body cavity is a space within the body that contains organs (viscera). There are two major body cavities:
Dorsal cavity: includes the cranial cavity which houses the brain and the spinal (vertebral) cavity which houses the spinal cord

17. Ventral cavity:. includes the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic
Ventral cavity: includes the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity which are separated from each other by a thin muscle called the respiratory diaphragm
Abdominopelvic cavity: is subdivided into the abdominal and pelvic cavities

18. Pelvic and Abdominal cavities
The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are separated from one another by the respiratory diaphragm
The abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity are separated from one another by an imaginary line called the pelvic inlet
The boundaries of this imaginary line are the bones that make up the pelvis
Thoracic cavity
Respiratory
diaphragm
Abdominal
cavity
Pelvic inlet
Pelvic cavity

19. The Pelvic Inlet

20. Ventral Cavity Abdominopelvic Cavity Thoracic Cavity Pelvic Cavity
Superior to the diaphragm
Viscera there include the
heart, lungs, thymus gland,
trachea, esophagus
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Inferior to the diaphragm
Pelvic Cavity
Viscera there include
The urinary bladder,
Internal organs of
Reproduction, urethra
(in women), and
Some portions of the
Large intestine
Abdominal Cavity
Viscera there include
The stomach, liver,
Gall bladder, spleen,
Pancreas, kidney,
Ureters, small
Intestine, and most
Of the large intestine

21. Objective 3: Abdominopelvic regions
The abdomen is divided into nine regions by four imaginary lines, two vertical and two horizontal.

22. Objective 4: Organs and Organ Systems
Can you identify these body systems? What is their function?
Name two organs in each system.

23. Can you identify these body systems? What is their function?
Name two organs in each system.

24. Can you identify these body systems? What is their function?
Name two organs in each system.

25. Can you identify these body systems? What is their function?
Name two organs in each system.