1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology
Be sure to pause slideshow when needed to take notes. Be sure to write down questions for when I return.
Chapter 1
Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

2. What’s the difference? Anatomy – the structure of body parts
Physiology – the function of the body parts; what they do and how they do it

3. Structure and Function
Anatomy and physiology are inseparable.
Function reflects structure; What a structure can do depends on its form
Known as the principle of complementarity of structure and function
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4. The human body is very organized, from the smallest chemical level to whole organism level

5. Characteristics of Human Life
Movement - self initiated change in position (muscles); motion of internal parts (ex: blood flow; urination)
2. Responsiveness (irritability) – reaction to change inside or outside of body
3. Growth - increase in body size
4. Reproduction – production of offspring (sexual or asexual)

6. 5. Digestion – breaking down food to be used by body
6. Excretion - Removal of wastes
7. Metabolism - All chemical changes that occur in the body to maintain life

7. Survival Needs Nutrients – for energy and cell building
Oxygen – to release energy from foods
Water – provides environment needed for chemical reactions
Normal body temperature – needs to be around 98.6°F for proper rates of chemical reactions to take place
Appropriate atmospheric pressure – needed for proper breathing/gas exchange
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8. Homeostasis
The tendency of the body to maintain a stable, balanced, internal environment. “Sameness”

9. Organ Systems
For each organ system, describe its function and some of the major organs found in each system.
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Digestive
Respiratory
Urinary
Reproductive

10. Become the Expert Get into pairs/groups of 2-3 students.
Each pair will become the “expert” of one of the 11 major organ systems
You will have 10 minutes to research your system, and be prepared to clearly explain the following:
Function of system
Organs within system
Location
How it interacts with other body systems
How it works
Everyone else will take brief notes on each system

12. Anatomical Terminology
Standard Anatomical Position: standing erect, face forward, arms at side, palms facing forward
1. Superior
2. Inferior
3. Anterior
4. Posterior
5. Medial
6. Lateral
7. Proximal
8. Distal 9. Superficial 10. Deep

13. Relative Term Practice
On your own sheet of scratch paper, write 10 statements using each of the relative anatomical descriptions.
1. Superior
2. Inferior
3. Anterior
4. Posterior
5. Medial
6. Lateral
7. Proximal
8. Distal 9. Superficial 10. Deep

14. Regional Terms Two major divisions of the body Axial Appendicular
Head, neck, and trunk
Appendicular
Limbs (legs and arms)
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15. Body Cavities Two Major Cavities: Dorsal cavity - back side
Ventral cavity - front side

17. Dorsal Body Cavity Protects the fragile nervous system
Two subdivisions:
Cranial cavity - Encases brain
Vertebral cavity - Encases spinal cord
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

18. Ventral Body Cavity Two subdivisions, separated by the diaphragm:
Thoracic cavity
- Contains two pleural cavities (around lungs)
- Also contains pericardial cavity (around heart)
Abdominopelvic cavity
- Abdominal cavity (stomach, intestines, spleen, liver)
- Pelvic cavity (urinary and reproductive organs)
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

20. MEMBRANES within Ventral cavity
Serous Membrane – two-layered membrane, covers surfaces within ventral cavity
Parietal serosa – lines cavity walls
Visceral serosa – covers internal organs
Serous fluid – lubricating fluid found between layers of the membrane

21. Types of Serous Membranes
Pleura - around lungs
Pericardium - around heart
Peritoneum - around organs in abdominopelvic region

24. What doesn’t belong? 1. Abdominal cavity stomach eye liver
2. Front dorsal anterior ventral
3. Caudal epigastric umbilical hypogastric
4. Thoracic abdominopelvic cranial superficial
5. Coronal sagittal deep transverse
6. Dorsal cavity thoracic cavity cranial cavity spinal cavity
7. Stomach urinary bladder reproductive organs rectum
8. Medial proximal lateral sagittal
9. Anterior back posterior dorsal
10. Homeostasis anterior superior dorsal