1. Atomic structure of the first elements
What things are made of

2. Atoms, elements and compounds
Learning objectives: to learn how we represent atoms and elements
Learning outcomes
I can classify elements into solids, liquids and gases when given information (F)
I can define an element, (D)
I can recognise names, symbols, formulae
and diagrams of elements or
compounds (C)
Starter:
List 5 solids, 4 metals, 3 non-metals, 2 gaseous elements at room temperature, and 1 liquid element at room temperature.

3. Elements What is an element?
Elements are made from one type of atom. Its a pure substance
Hydrogen
sodium

4. Sodium chloride (salt)
Compounds
What is a compound?
A compound is two or more elements chemically bonded together. It is a pure substance.
Hydrochloric acid
Sodium chloride (salt)

5. Mixtures What is a mixture?
A mixture is Two or more elements or compounds mixed together but not chemically bonded. Impure substances.
Salty water
Air

6. Elements and compounds
Reactants
(for each say element or compound)
Products
iron
sulfur
magnesium
oxygen
hydrochloric acid

7. HCl ZnSO4
NaCl O2
CuO H2O
Mg MgCl2
CuSO ZnO
NaOH Zn

8. HCl ZnSO4 NaCl O2 CuO H2O Mg MgCl2 CuSO4 ZnO NaOH Zn
Element or compound?
HCl ZnSO4
NaCl O2
CuO H2O
Mg MgCl2
CuSO4 ZnO
NaOH Zn

9. Close up
atoms

10. Closer still… 24 12 Mg
electron - 12
proton +
neutron

11. How many protons, electrons and neutrons does fluorine have?19 9 F
Atomic weight
Number of protons AND neutrons
Atomic number
Number of protons
(Number of electrons too)
electron -
Proton +
Neutron 9 9 10

12. How does this look? 19 9 F
electron - 9
Proton +
Neutron 10

13. Are all atoms the same weight?1 H
An element will ALWAYS have the same number of protons 2 1 H
But … sometimes they have different numbers of neutrons 3 1 H
These are called ISOTOPES

14. These are called ISOTOPES12 6 C
Carbon will ALWAYS have the same number of protons 13 6 C
But … sometimes it will have different numbers of neutrons 14 6 C
These are called ISOTOPES

15. Only electrons go in shells
How do the shells work?
Shells
Only electrons go in shells

16. We number shells from the middle1
This will be shell 2
This will be shell 3
This will be shell

17. F Shell 1 will hold 2 electrons Shell 2 will hold 8 Shell 3 will hold19 9 F
Shell 1 has
electrons
Shell 2 has
Shell 3 has 2 7
This is fluorine. It has electrons. 9
* Once you get past element 20 things get a little more complicated!

18. P Shell 1 will hold 2 electrons Shell 2 will hold 8 Shell 3 will hold
Shell 1 has
electrons
Shell 2 has
Shell 3 has 2 31 15 P 8 5
This is phosphorus. It has electrons. 15
* Once you get past element 20 things get a little more complicated!

19. Ca Shell 1 will hold 2 electrons Shell 2 will hold 8 Shell 3 will hold
Shell 1 has
electrons
Shell 2 has
Shell 3 has
Shell 4 has 2 40 20 Ca 8 8 2
This is calcium. It has electrons. 20
* Once you get past element 20 things get a little more complicated!