1. Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics
Holocene Climates
K Gajewski
Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics
University of Ottawa
August 2016

2. Classical division of Holocene Climates in Europe

3. BP
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
From Hulme & Barrow Climates of the British Isles. Routledge.

4. Global Temperature Curve
This is the Holocene equivalent of the global temperature curve and the “Hockey Stick”

5. Average Global Temperatures for last 2ka (left) and 10ka (right)
Estimated using different methods (top & bottom)
Marcotte et al Science

6. Average Global Temperatures
Zonal means
Marcotte et al Science

7. Marcotte et al Science

8. North American Mean temperature curve
Milankovitch scale variability
Millennial-scale regimes
Comparison to European curve

9. Holocene
Viau et al J Geophysical Research 111, D09102,

10. Gajewski. 2008 Prog Phys Geogr 32:

11. Holocene climate sequence compared to full glacial

12. Millennial-scale climate variability: Europe
Ruddiman book

13. Millennial-scale climate variability: off California
Ruddiman book

14. Holocene Climates:
Milankovitch scale

15. From Ruddiman text

16. Holocene Climates:
Millennial scale

17. Glaciers

19. 6k hydroclimate

20. 6k compared to today
Wanner et al Quat Sci Rev 27:1791

21. Model output compared to Data

23. COHMAP Science

24. COHMAP Science

25. COHMAP Science

26. Holocene regional time series

27. H. Wanner et al. / Quaternary Science Reviews 27 (2008) 1791–1828.

28. 6 major cold periods in Holocene
H. Wanner et al. / Quaternary Science Reviews 30 (2011)

29. 6 major cold periods in Holocene
Blue: cold
Red: warm
Grey: average
Green: wet
Brown: dry
H. Wanner et al. / Quaternary Science Reviews 30 (2011)

30. Holocene climates causes

31. H. Wanner et al. / Quaternary Science Reviews 30 (2011) 3109-3123

32. Solar Activity, last 6000 years
Wanner et al 2008

33. Solar Activity, last 3ka (upper); last 9ka (lower)
Vieira et al Astronomy & Astrophysics A6