1. Chemistry More free powerpoints at www.worldofteaching.com
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2. Matter Matter = any material substance with Mass, Density & Volume
What is Matter?
Where is Matter made?
Matter = any material substance with Mass, Density & Volume

3. Matter
comes in 3 phases
Liquid
Solid
Gas

4. Solid
Definite Shape
Definite Volume

5. Liquid Indefinite Shape – takes the shape of the container
Definite Volume

6. Gas Indefinite Shape – takes the shape of the container
Indefinite Volume – can expand and be compressed

7. Elements one of the 100+ pure substances
that make up everything in the universe

8. Examples of Elements C = Carbon Na = Sodium O = Oxygen Ca = Calcium K
= Potassium H
= Hydrogen I
= Iodine N
= Nitrogen Cl
= Chlorine S
= Sulfur P
= Phosphorus

9. C. Elements All matter is composed of elements
Substances that cannot be broken into simple substances by chemical means
46.6% Oxygen (O) 27.7% Silicon (Si) 8.1% Aluminum (Al) 5.0% Iron (Fe) 3.6% Calcium (Ca) 2.8% Sodium (Na) 2.6% Potassium (K) 2.1% Magnesium (Mg)
Most Common Elements in Earth’s Crust

10. Atom
the smallest particle making up elements
How Small Is an Atom??

11. Bohr Model

12. Sub-atomic Particles Protons p+ - positive charge, in nucleus
Neutrons n0 – no charge, in nucleus
Electrons - e- negative charge, orbiting nucleus

13. Periodic Table Cheat Sheet:
Atomic Number = # of protons
Atomic mass= # of protons & neutrons
Electrons= same # of protons
(for stable elements)

14. C Drawing an Atom of Carbon 6 12.011 Atomic # = # of p+ and # of e-
Carbon has 6 p+ and 6 e-
Atomic Mass
minus Atomic # = # of n0
Carbon has 6 n0

15. Drawing an Atom of Carbone- e-
6 p+
6 n0

16. E. Compounds A substance made of atoms combined in a fixed proportion.
Ex. H – H – O = water
Ex. H2O + Na = Saltwater

17. Reading Chemical Compounds
How many different elements? H2O How many total atoms? NaCl H2SO4 Be(OH)2

18. Properties – The way a chemical substance looks and behaves
Compounds
Compounds - 2 or more elements chemically combined to form a new substance with new properties
Properties – The way a chemical substance looks and behaves

19. Compounds
Compounds – are made of 2 or more different atoms combined to form Molecules H O
H + O H2O =
Chemical formula lists the number of different atoms in a single molecule
Structural formula shows the arrangement of the atoms in a single molecule

20. Molecules Glucose Sugar C6H12O6 Chemical formula Structural formula C

21. Compounds or Inorganic Compounds Organic Compounds
usually don’t contain Carbon
generally come from the earth
generally simple molecules
always contain C & H and usually O, N, sometimes S & P
originate in organisms
generally complex molecules

22. Examples of Inorganic Compounds
H + O
= H2O = Water
H + Cl
= HCl = Hydrochloric Acid
C + O
= CO2 = Carbon Dioxide
Na + Cl
= NaCl = Common Table Salt

23. Examples of Organic Compounds
C, H + O
Carbohydrates = Sugars, starches & cellulose
C, H + O
Lipids = Fats & Oils
C, H, O, N, & sometimes P + S
Proteins
C, H, O, N, + P
Nucleic Acids – DNA & RNA

25. PT Interactive
Bozeman Science -Atoms and Periodic Table

26. D. Isotopes
1. Definition: Atoms of the same number of protons, different number of neutrons Ex. Carbon-12 & Carbon Useful because they decay at a specific rate. -tells us the age of a rock or fossil

27. 1.Atom attraction a. Atoms in their normal state have an equal # of protons & electrons. b. Said to be “stable” 2. Ion a. An atom that gains or loses one or more electrons becoming either more positively or negatively charged

28. 3. Ionic Bonds- electrons are transferred 4
3. Ionic Bonds- electrons are transferred 4. Covalent bonds-electrons are shared

29. 1. When an atom gains or loses an electron it is now called an ____.
Ion

30. 2. How many different elements are in the following compound?
(CH3)2CO Answer- 3

31. 3. How many total atoms are in the following compound?
(CH3)2CO Answer- 10

32. 4. The atomic number tells how many ____________ are in the element.
protons

33. 5. What type of chemically bonding involves the sharing of electrons?
Covalent

34. What is your stone?

35. Diga, diga, diga, diga, that’s all folks!
Chemistry
Diga, diga, diga, diga, that’s all folks!