1. The Columbian Exchange

2. Definition:
exchange of plants and animals between Old World (Europe, Africa and Asia) and New World (Americas)

3. Reasons for Exploration:
Three G’s

5. Unintentional Effects:
spread of food allowed for population growth
Animals had many effects
Disease killed up to 90% of Native people
changes in populations all around the world
Natives died
Africans increase because of corn and peanut
China increase because of potato and peanut
Europe increases because of potato and corn
Ten million African slaves sent to America

7. Europeans Contributed:
Christianity
Diseases- influenza, smallpox, typhoid, measles, malaria, yellow fever, cholera, and bubonic plague
Some of these diseases were because they had gotten them from the domesticated animals (influenza from ducks and chicken pox from chickens)

8. Europeans Contributed:
Sugar, cotton, rice, wheat, barley, oats, rye, turnips, onions, cabbage, lettuce, peaches, pears, vanilla
Dogs, horses, donkeys, pigs, cattle, goats, sheep, barnyard fowl

9. Europeans Contributed:
Sugar: developed in SE Asia, to Europe by 1st Crusade; combined with coffee, tea, rum or chocolate it became an addictive stimulant
Horse: to Americas on Columbus’ 2nd voyage (with sugar); used to conquer the Aztecs, changed life for Native Americans in the North by 1750 (some gave up farming for nomadic hunting)

10. Native Americans Contributed:
Labor (mostly forced)
Potato, corn, squashes cocoa, tobacco, pineapples, papaya, avocados, cotton
Silver and gold
dogs, llamas, guinea pigs
potato: many varieties- hardiness in cold weather, disease resistant; much of Europe became dependent on them as they provide more food per acre than any other crop and grow in poor soils
corn: double the yield of wheat per acre

12. Effects of Columbian Exchange on modern world
Main diet of Southern Africa: maize (corn)
What is the main crop of Kansas and Argentina? wheat
What is the main crop of the Rio Grande valley? Rice
Could Cortes and Pizarro have conquered the Aztec and Inca without disease and the horse?
Modern examples of migrating flora and fauna
AIDS
Killer bees from Africa to Brazil
Zebra mussels- from Europe mid 1980’s- disrupt the food chain and damage ships and pipes throughout The Great lakes and Upper Mississippi River

13. The Geography of Food Why was the potato grown in Europe? Effects:
Overall
Irish
Why was sugar in demand in the 15th to 19th centuries?
How and where was the demand met?
African
How have Western foods changed Japan?