1. Dawn of the Industrial Age
Chapter 7

2. Turning Point in History
Late 1700s most Europeans lived on farms
Industrial Revolution caused farming life to disappear
Improvement in production, agriculture, travel, etc.
Allowed populations to move around
Created lifestyle and society we know today
Modern medicine (anesthetic)

3. Agricultural Revolution
MADE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION POSSIBLE!!
Dutch inventions
Dike systems – reclaimed land
Combined smaller fields
Used fertilizer
British expanded ideas
Mixed different soils
Crop rotation – used turnips to renew soil
Jethro Tull invented seed drill
Shared farming methods across nations

4. Enclosure Movement Rich landowners accumulated land
Larger fields cultivated more efficiently
Large farming profits
Little labor required
Farmhands lost jobs
Small farms forced out
Jobless farmers migrated to cities
Enlarged labor force for Industrial Revolution

5. Population Explosion Increase in: European population 1700 – 1800
Hygiene
Food output
Birth rates
Health care
European population 1700 – 1800
~120 Million - ~190 Million

6. New Technology Energy Revolution
Coal
1712 Thomas Newcomen developed steam engine
Powered by coal
Pumped water out of mines
1792 James Watt improved steam engine
watch?v=6mNsPjHqxz4

7. Improved Iron Abraham Darby Created better less expensive iron
Used coal to smelt iron
Found ways to remove coal impurities
Created better less expensive iron

8. Review What revolution facilitated the Industrial Revolution?
What were 2 inventions from the Dutch that facilitate the Revolution?
What were 2 inventions from the British that facilitated the Revolution?
What allowed for less labor on farms?
What were 2 causes for the massive population expansion?

9. Britain Leads the Way

10. Why Britain? (Necessary Conditions)
Resources
Large supplies of coal & iron
Agricultural revolution freed up labor resources
Economic Conditions
Overseas empire
Extremely rich business class
Population explosion

11. Why Britain? (Additional Conditions)
Political & Social Conditions
Stable government & protective navy
Religious attitudes
Only possible due to all previous conditions
New Technology
Not only place with tech
Population of exploring engineers

12. Textile Industry Putting out system New inventions
Flying Shuttle – outpaced spinners
Creation of spinning jenny
Waterframe – increased speed of spinning
New machines too large for homes
Creation of factories

13. Transportation Revolution
Increased production caused need for more transport
Faster, cheaper
Turnpikes
Private roads
Canals
Manmade rivers

14. Land Travel George Stephenson developed steam powered locomotive
Early 1800s
Tracks could go where rivers could not
1830 First major railroad
Connected Liverpool to Manchester
1870 Train major form of transport across Europe & N. America

15. Sea Travel Robert Fulton (American) 1807
Created Clermont
First steamboat
Traveled up Hudson River
Record Breaking Speed!! (5mph)
Ocean steamships took longer to develop
Too much coal to power
Developed end of century

16. Moving Ahead Population Increase Labor Increase Production Increase
Lower Prices
Higher Demand
Profit Increase
Business Investment

17. Closure
What revolution laid the groundwork for the Industrial Revolution?
Why did the population increase so dramatically?
Who invented the steam engine? Who improved it?
What were the 4 underlying reasons the Industrial Revolution began in Britain?
How does the innovation in the textile industry represent the cycle of invention during the Industrial Revolution?
What invention created the ability to move large amounts of goods across long sections of land?