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Displaying and Describing Categorical Data
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The Three Rules of Data Analysis
1) Make a picture. 2) Make a picture. 3) Make a picture.
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Ways to display categorical data
Frequency Table – lists categories and counts for each T-shirt size Frequency XS S M L XL
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Ways to display categorical data
Relative Frequency Table – lists categories and percentages for each T-shirt size Relative Frequency XS S M L XL
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Ways to display categorical data
Bar Chart – Shows a bar representing the count (frequency) or percentage (relative frequency) for each category Relative frequency frequency bus friend parent drove Method of transportation
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Bar Chart Reminders There should be spaces between the bars
Label, Label, Label Label each category under its corresponding bar Label counts or percentages
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Ways to display categorical data
Pie Chart – Each category is represented as a wedge whose area corresponds to its relative frequency
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Ways to display categorical data
Segmented bar chart – treats each bar as the whole and divides the bar into segments representing each category Good for comparing two sets of data
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Ways to display categorical data
Contingency table – displays counts or percentages of individuals falling into categories of two or more variables Marginal distribution – in a contingency table, the distribution of either variable alone
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Example: Chapter 2 page 37 #16
Winter Olympics 2010 Twenty six countries won metals in the 2010 Winter Olympics. The table lists them, along with the total number of metals each won: Country Metals United States 37 Poland 6 Germany 30 Italy 5 Canada 26 Japan Norway 23 Finland Austria 16 Australia 3 Russia 15 Belarus South Korea 14 Slovakia China 11 Croatia Sweden Slovenia France Latvia 2 Switzerland 9 Great Britain 1 Netherlands 8 Estonia Czech Republic Kazakhstan
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