2. A New Kind of Revolution
Preview
Starting Points Map: Resources of Great Britain
Main Idea / Reading Focus
Steam Powers the Revolution
Faces of History: James Watt
Industrialization Spreads

3. A New Kind of Revolution
Main Idea
The transition from cottage industries changed how people worked in factories, what life was like in factory towns, labor conditions, and, eventually, processes within factories.
Reading Focus
Why did life change as industry spread?
How did an agricultural revolution lead to the growth of industry
How did steam power the Industrial Revolution?

4. The Industrial Revolution Begins
Section 1: Dawn of the Industrial Age
Witness History Audio: From Hand Power to Steam Power
Life Changes as Industry Spreads
In the mid-1700s, the production of food and goods began to be made easier by complex machines. This process of industrialization was slow at first, but eventually led to the growth of cities and the end of a rural way of life.
Agriculture Spurs Industry
The Industrial Revolution began with improvements in farming. Rich landowners began to enclose large farms, and farm laborers were pushed out of work. Populations in Europe soared because of the food surplus and improved sanitation and medical care.
Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals.
After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “What effect did Boulton think steam power would have on the world” (It would benefit people by relieving them of hard manual labor.)
When showing Color Transparency 116, ask students to list what kind of changes each invention led to.
Note Taking Transparency 127
1 of 5

5. Production before Factories
Raw materials delivered
Work done to completion
Merchant takes product to market
Workers controlled schedules, quality
Family life revolved around business
Work in the Home
Destruction of equipment
Time to learn skills
Physical strength required
Factory owners took advantage of drawbacks
Problems for Cottage Industries

6. A New Kind of Revolution
During the 1700s changes in technology began based on the use of power-driven machinery. This era is called the Industrial Revolution.
Exploration and colonialism
Seapower
Political stability
Government support
Growth of private investment
Factors for Success
Research and development on farms
Jethro Tull, seed drill
Improved livestock breeding
Better varieties of food crops
Increased food supply
Population grew
Enclosure movement
Agricultural Factors

8. Agriculture Spurs Industry
The Industrial Revolution was made possible by a change in the farming fields of Western Europe. This second agricultural revolution greatly improved the quality of life & quantity of farm products.
The Dutch paved the way by reclaiming land from the sea.
Farm journals were used to share new techniques
New inventions made work easier
Farming Methods Improve
The process of taking over and consolidating land shared by peasants
Increased output/caused migration
Villages shrink and cities grow
Enclosure
Britain’s population rose 4 million people in 100 years
Ag revolution reduced the risk of famine
Healthier lifestyles, better hygiene, better sanitation, & improved medical care
Population Multiplies

9. What were some benefits of the cottage system of production?
Find the Main Idea
What were some benefits of the cottage system of production?
Answer(s): workers made decisions about when to work, rest, and eat, how much to produce; family could adjust work schedule, all family members could be involved

10. The Industrial Revolution Begins
Section 1: Dawn of the Industrial Age
New Technology Becomes Key
In the 1700s, new sources of energy were developed. Coal powered the steam engine, which, in turn, powered everything from trains to ships. The intense heat of coal also allowed for improved iron production, which further benefited the new railroad industry.
Color Transparency 116: Steam-Powered Inventions
Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals.
After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “What effect did Boulton think steam power would have on the world” (It would benefit people by relieving them of hard manual labor.)
When showing Color Transparency 116, ask students to list what kind of changes each invention led to.
QuickTake Section Quiz
Progress Monitoring Transparency
2 of 5

11. New Technology Becomes Key
The Development of new technology helped to trigger the Industrial Revolution. Aided by new energy sources and new materials these new technologies enabled business owners to change the way work was done
An Energy Revolution
As people began to look for new sources of energy, coal became very important
Coal was used to power new steam engines
James Watt improved earlier engines that ran pumps to operate engines that powered new machines
The Quality of Iron Improves
Coal was also important in iron production
Iron that was smelted with coal was cheaper and of better quality
As iron became cheaper and stronger it was used more and more widely

13. Steam Powers the Revolution
First successful steam engine in 1712
Innovations by James Watt
Steam power versus water power
Steam locomotives
Steamships
Robert Fulton
Development of Steam Engine
Steam engines needed large amounts of fuel
Wood scarce
Coal mining industry
Changing landscapes
Dangers of mining
Coal for Steam Engines

14. The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 1
Color Transparency 116: Steam-Powered Inventions
4 of 5

16. Make Generalizations
What impact did the steam engine have on the growth of British industry?
Answer(s): major impact; used in textile mills, factories could be located away from rivers, powered locomotives and ships, led to development of coal as a resource, more factories built near northern coal mines

17. The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 1
Note Taking Transparency 127
3 of 5

18. The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 1
Progress Monitoring Transparency
5 of 5