1. Water Cycle and Groundwater

2. Water Cycle and Groundwater
Water can be all 3 states of matter – solid, liquid, gas
Percentages of water on Earth:
75% of earth is covered with water, of that:
~97.2% salt water
~2% frozen in glaciers
~0.6% deep underground
~0.2% surface water
~0.01%  in atmosphere
 Water in ground water is 50 times more than all the lakes and rivers combined!

3. Water Cycle
Hydrosphere: the sphere of water that surrounds the earth, including the water in the atmosphere, groundwater, running water, lakes, oceans and glaciers.

4. Water Cycle
-movement of water from one part of the hydrosphere to another.

5. Water Cycle
Condensation: water vapor changing into liquid in the atmosphere to form clouds; energy is released BY THE WATER, condensation is a WARMING process, area condensed onto warms.
(Deposition - opposite of sublimation; where water vapor changes directly into ice—such a snowflakes and frost)
Precipitation: condensed water falling to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
Runoff: water that neither soaks into the ground nor evaporates, but instead flows across Earth’s surface and eventually into streams, lakes, or oceans.

6. Where does water go?
Ground water - water that soaks into the ground and collects in the pore spaces between particles of rock and soil

7. Ground Water
Porosity: the percentage of a material’s volume that is pore space, how much water that rock or soil can hold
Permeable: describes rock or soil that has connecting pores that allow water to pass through easily

8. Ground Water
Aquifer: layer of permeable rock that has connecting pores and transmits water freely

9. Ground Water
Zone of Aeration: area where the pores are filled with air, usually near the ground surface
Water Table: top of the zone of saturation
Zone of Saturation: area where all the pores in a rock are completely filled with water, usually below the ground surface

10. Ground Water
Spring: point at which that water table meets Earth’s surface, causing water to flow from the ground

11. Hot spring
spring of warm groundwater, caused when the water is heated by rocks that contact magma under Earth’s surface

12. Hot springs

13. Geyser
: hot spring of groundwater that erupts periodically, shooting water and steam into the air

14. Cave
large underground opening formed when groundwater gradually dissolves rock

15. Sink Holes
(within Karst Topography)

16. Contaminant
A substance that is either present in an environment where it does not belong or is present at levels that might cause harmful effects to humans or the environment

20. Point Source Pollutions – Originating from a single , identifiable source, such as a discharge pipe from a factory or a sewage plant.
Non-Point Source Pollution- A contributory factor to water pollution that cannot be traced to a specific spot; for example: pollution that results from water runoff from urban areas, construction sites, and agricultural operations.
VOC- Volatile Organic Compounds 

21. How Many Faces Do You See?