1. Supreme Court Cases You Need to Know

2. Strengthened National Government
Marbury v. Madison: judicial review
Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional
McCulloch v. Maryland: National Supremacy
States cannot tax federal agencies

3. Civil Rights: Equal Protection
14th Amendment equal protection clause
Plessy v. Ferguson
Separate but equal is OK
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS
Overturned Plessy decision
Baker v. Carr
Federal Courts CAN overturn voting district lines
Korematsu v. United States
Fed. Gov. COULD intern Japanese-Americans in WWII
Bakke v. Regents of University of CA
University CAN use race as a factor
University CANNOT use quotas

4. Criminal Justice/Due Process
14th Amendment: Due Process Clause
Selective Incorporation
Mapp v. Ohio
4th Amendment (search/seizure)
Gideon v. Wainwright
6th Amendment (right to counsel)
Miranda v. Arizona
5th Amendment (self-incrimination)

5. Privacy Right to privacy IMPLIED in Bill of Rights
1st, 4th, 5th amendments
Roe v. Wade- states cannot ban abortion
Violation of right to privacy
Cases regarding homosexuality laws apply
Lawrence v. Texas- states cannot criminalize sex between homosexuals
Cases involving birth control laws apply

6. Restrictions on Federal Power
US v. Nixon
Executive privilege is NOT protected in criminal investigation
Nixon had to turn over Watergate tapes

7. Freedom of Religion Establishment Clause Free Exercise Clause
Engel v. Vitale (school prayer)
Lemon v. Kurtzman (state funding for private religious schools)
“Lemon Test”: secular purpose?
Free Exercise Clause
Reynolds v. United States (polygamy)
Oregon v. Smith (drug use in religious ceremonies)
CANNOT violate laws intended for all