1. Transportation In Plants

2. Moving Materials In Animals
How do most animals move materials around their body?
Circulatory system
Blood vessels like vein, arteries, and capillaries
What powers the movement?
Contracting muscles of the heart
Contracting body muscles pinching veins
What forces work against the movement?
Thickness of fluid
Gravity

3. Moving Materials In Plants
How do plants move materials around their bodies?
Vascular bundle
Xylem water/ions
Phloem nutrients/hormones
Narrow tubes made of hollowed out plant cells
Only cell walls remain
What powers the movement?
Concentration gradients
Gravity
Transpiration
What forces work against the movement?
Thickness of fluid

4. Parts of The Transport System
Roots designed to absorb water and minerals from the soil
What minerals do we need?
Nitrates, Phosphates, Mg2+, etc…
Root cap protective cells to help push through soil
Root tip mass of rapidly dividing cells so roots can grow
Root hairs thin extensions of outer root cells that absorb water and minerals
Cortex stores starch; passes water and minerals to xylem
Xylem one-way transporting of water/minerals from roots to leaves
Phloem two-way transporting of sucrose, amino acids, and hormones

5. Parts of The Transport System
Shoots designed to support growing branches/ leafs and transport material
Vascular bundle main transport system made of phloem, xylem, and cambium
Cambium produces more phloem/xylem tubes as the diameter of plant grows; supports plant
Epidermis thin single layer of cells covered with a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss

6. Parts of The Transport System
Leafs designed to use water/minerals to do photosynthesis
What is the product of photosynthesis?
glucose
Why is glucose changed to sucrose before going to phloem?
Sucrose is more soluble
Stoma openings in leafs that allow gas exchange
What gases are exchanged?
O2 and CO2
What is also lost through the stoma?
Water

7. Sap and Water
Sap think sugar solution inside phloem; used to make syrup
Why is thickness of sap not a major concern of plants?
Most sap is moving from leafs to roots and follows with gravity
Why is the movement of water a major concern for plants?
Must move water upward against gravity
Only major limit on tree height
Moss can only grow 1 m tall because it lacks proper xylem
Giant redwoods 114 m tall!

8. Transpiration
Transpiration movement of water from roots to leaves through the evaporation of water from the leafs
Creates a PULL, or suction
Where does the strength come from to pull water against gravity?
Hydrogen bonds
Two forces are needed:
Cohesion H-bonds between water molecules; water sticks together
Adhesion H-bonds between water molecules and other surfaces; water sticks to xylem vessel
Transpiration stream continuous flow of water through xylem