1. Ch. 25 Lesson 2
Common STIs

2. STDs
The CDC reports that STDs account for more than 85% of the most common communicable diseases in the US
The primary means of transmission of STDs is sexual activity.
Teens who choose abstinence from sexual activity greatly reduce their risk of contracting STDs.

3. Human Papillomavirus HPV
Virus that causes genital warts or asymptomatic infections
HPV is considered the most common STD in the US.
Almost all cases of cervical cancer are caused by HPV
HPV can cause cancers of the penis and anus.

4. Genital Warts
Are pink reddish warts w/ cauliflower-like tops that appear on the genitals and throat
Are highly contagious and are spread by any form of sexual contact

5. Chlamydia
Is a bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs
40% of cases are reported in teens 15 to 19 yrs old
It’s asymptomatic
Males may experience discharge from the penis and burning upon urination
Females may experience vaginal discharge, burning urination or abdominal pain

6. Chlamydia cont. Untreated can lead to infertility
Untreated females can also develop (PID) pelvic inflammatory disease

7. Genital Herpes Caused by the herpes simplex. There are two types…
Type 1 usually caused by cold sores
Type 2 caused by genital sores
Both can infect the mouth and genitals
About 20% of the total adolescent population is infected with the virus

8. Genital Herpes continued
Most of those infected are asymptomatic and are not aware they have it.
Most have blister-like sores that occur periodically
Meds can relieve symptoms, but cannot cure
Can be fatal for infants who contract it from their mothers

9. Gonorrhea A bacterial STD that usually affects mucous membranes
The highest rates of gonorrhea are found in females from yrs old and males from yrs old.
Symptoms include a discharge from the penis/vagina and painful urination
Approximately 50% of females infected have no symptoms

10. Gonorrhea continued Can lead to infertility
Can spread to the bloodstream and cause permanent damage to the joints.
Females can pass the infection to their babies during childbirth and contract eye infections that cause blindness.

11. Trichomoniasis
Caused by microscopic protozoan that results in infections of the vagina, uretha, and bladder.
About 5 million new cases every year
Usually no symptoms occur, however the disease may result in vaginitis-an inflammation of the vagina with discharge, odor, irritation, and itching

12. Syphilis
An STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterium called a spirochete.
The first sign of the infection is a painless reddish sore, called a chancre.
If not treated it spreads to other parts of the body.

13. Syphilis continued
The disease can damage internal organs (heart, liver, nervous system, and kidneys)
If left untreated, the person is at risk of paralysis, convulsions, and heart disease.
An infant with syphilis may have a damaged nervous system and can die from the effects.

15. Other Common STD’s Chancroid (bacteria) Bacterial Vaginosis
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Pubic lice

16. Seeking Treatment
Being embarrassed should not stop a person from seeking treatment from a private physician or health clinic
By law, information about these diseases is kept confidential
Only health care professionals can prescribe treatment and antibiotics
Ultimately it is the responsibility of any person infected with an STD to notify anyone they have had sexual contact with.

17. Lesson 2 Review Questions
Which STDs might not present noticeable symptoms?
Analyze and explain the harmful effects of two common STDs on fetuses and infants.
Where can a person go for treatment of an STD?

18. Review Questions continued…
4. Describe the symptoms of gonorrhea & genital herpes for males and females>
5. Public policies enable health officials to locate & contact sexual partners of people who have been diagnosed with an STD. How do these policies help with the prevention and treatment of STDs?