1. By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY
: The World at War
By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY

2. Who’s To Blame? Britain was in a power race with Germany
“The world needed a great statesman to keep them out of war, but no such statesman existed”
Britain was in a power race with Germany
Germany was a growing nation trying to prove it’s worth
France was worried about it’s declining importance on the international stage
Russia, Austria Hungary and the Ottoman Empire were fighting enlightenment ideas of socialism and equality

3. The Schlieffen Plan
France was identified as the German Empire’s most dangerous opponent
The Plan:
Attack France first, going through Belgium
6 Weeks
Once France was in hand, use the strong railway system to move troops to the Russian front
The Schlieffen Plan was daring but it had a number of glaring weaknesses:
The actions of Russia determined when Germany would have to start her attack on France even if she was ready or not.
It assumed that Russia would need six weeks to mobilise.
It assumed that Germany would defeat France in less than six weeks.
In fact, the attack in August 1914 nearly succeeded and was only defeated by the first Battle of the Marne. Poor communication between the frontline commanders and the army's headquarters in Berlin did not help Moltke's control of the campaign. Also the withdrawal of German troops in response to a higher than expected threat on the Russian front, meant that the Germans did not have the military clout that Schlieffen had built into his original plan. It was a plan that nearly succeeded but its success could only be measured by being 100% successful. France had to be defeated - and this did not happen. Schlieffen's speedy attack and expected defeat of France never occurred - it's failure did usher in the era of trench warfare that is so much linked to World War One.

4. German Atrocities in Belgium
August – September 1914 murder of civilians, mass executions, rapes, mutilations, arson
This behavior by the Germans helped encourage Britain to enter the war and turned neutral nations against Germany
Germany maintains that the Belgium's were fighting guerilla style warfare against them
August – September 1914 murder of civilians, mass executions, rapes, mutilations, arson

5. Mobilization Home by Christmas! No major war in 50 years! Nationalism!
It's a long way to Tipperary,
It's a long way to go;
To the sweetest girl I know!
Goodbye, Piccadilly,
Farewell, Leicester Square,
It's a long, long way to Tipperary,
But my heart's right there!

6. Recruitment Posters

7. A Young Australian Recruit

8. Recruits of the Central Powers
A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother
Austro-Hungarians

9. New French Recruits

10. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

12. The Western Front: A “War of Attrition”
attempts to win a war by wearing down the enemy to the point of collapse through continuous losses in personnel and materiel

13. A Multi-Front War

14. The Western Front

15. Trench Warfare Read the story: A Suffolk Farmhand at Gallipoli
Pick out a quote that you think portrays the meaning of the story
Pick out one word to describe Trench Warfare

16. Trench Warfare
“No Man’s Land”
Video

17. Verdun – February, 1916 German offensive that lasted 10 months
French Resistance “They Shall Not Pass”
Germans finally abandoned the attack after losing 330,000 men to the French 350,000 men

18. The Somme – July, 1916 The Allied offensive, lasted 4 months
The British sent a large force to help France goal was to use numbers to break the Germans
Gained 7 miles of ground at the cost of 620,000 men
1st Battle to use Tanks (the new British invention)

19. War Is HELL !!

20. Sacrifices in War

21. The Eastern Front Stats: 3 Million Med Died 9 Million Men Wounded
"When [such a] mass suffers enormous losses ; when they feel, as they will feel, that other and less costly means of achieving the same end might have been adopted, what will become of their morale?" Henderson
Stats:
3 Million Med Died
9 Million Men Wounded
Every Country Lost It’s Form of Government

22. Ottoman Empire Joins the Central Powers
German Empires early victories (“We will win the war in 6 weeks”)
Clashes in the Middle East and Africa with the Allied Powers over colonies
Russian aggression in the Balkan Wars

23. Russia invaded E. Prussia Aug 17th 1914 Germany countered
For two years each side gained and lost land
Red- Russia
Purple- AHE
Yellow- Germany
Orange Line-
Russian advance 1915

24. A Christian people living next to Russia, but part of the Ottoman Empire
As the Russian army threatened this border, the Turkish government “resettled” them.
Armed roundups began April 24, 1915
2 Million died in “resettlement” camps
Armenia
When World War I broke out in 1914, leaders of the Young Turk regime sided with the Central Powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary). The outbreak of war would provide the perfect opportunity to solve the "Armenian question" once and for all. The world's attention became fixed upon the battlegrounds of France and Belgium where the young men of Europe were soon falling dead by the hundreds of thousands. The Eastern Front eventually included the border between Turkey and Russia. With war at hand, unusual measures involving the civilian population would not seem too out of the ordinary.
As a prelude to the coming action, Turks disarmed the entire Armenian population under the pretext that the people were naturally sympathetic toward Christian Russia. Every last rifle and pistol was forcibly seized, with severe penalties for anyone who failed to turn in a weapon. Quite a few Armenian men actually purchased a weapon from local Turks or Kurds (nomadic Muslim tribesmen) at very high prices so they would have something to turn in.
At this time, about forty thousand Armenian men were serving in the Turkish Army. In the fall and winter of 1914, all of their weapons were confiscated and they were put into slave labor battalions building roads or were used as human pack animals. Under the brutal work conditions they suffered a very high death rate. Those who survived would soon be shot outright. For the time had come to move against the Armenians.
The decision to annihilate the entire population came directly from the ruling triumvirate of ultra-nationalist Young Turks. The actual extermination orders were transmitted in coded telegrams to all provincial governors throughout Turkey. Armed roundups began on the evening of April 24, 1915, as 300 Armenian political leaders, educators, writers, clergy and dignitaries in Constantinople (present day Istanbul) were taken from their homes, briefly jailed and tortured, then hanged or shot.

25. Total Mobilized Forces Casualties as % of Forces
Country
Total Mobilized Forces
Killed
Wounded
Prisoners and Missing
Total Casualties
Casualties as % of Forces
ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED POWERS
Russia
12,000,000
1,700,000
4,950,000
2,500,000
9,150,000
76.3
British Empire
8,904,467
908,371
2,090,212
191,652
3,190,235
35.8
France
8,410,000
1,357,800
4,266,000
537,000
6,160,800
73.3
Italy
5,615,000
650,000
947,000
600,000
2,197,000
39.1
United States
4,355,000
116,516
204,002
4,500
323,018
7.1
Japan
800,000
300
907 3
1,210
0.2
Romania
750,000
335,706
120,000
80,000
535,706
71.4
Serbia
707,343
45,000
133,148
152,958
331,106
46.8
Belgium
267,000
13,716
44,686
34,659
93,061
34.9
Greece
230,000
5,000
21,000
1,000
27,000
11.7
Portugal
100,000
7,222
13,751
12,318
33,291
33.3
Montenegro
50,000
3,000
10,000
7,000
20,000
40.0
TOTAL
42,188,810
5,142,631
12,800,706
4,121,090
22,062,427
52.3
Germany
11,000,000
1,773,700
4,216,058
1,152,800
7,142,558
64.9
Austria-Hungary
7,800,000
1,200,000
3,620,000
2,200,000
7,020,000
90.0
Turkey
2,850,000
325,000
400,000
250,000
975,000
34.2
Bulgaria
87,500
152,390
27,029
266,919
22.2
22,850,000
3,386,200
8,388,448
3,629,829
15,404,477
67.4
GRAND TOTAL
65,038,810
8,528,831
21,189,154
7,750,919
37,466,904
57.5
If there was something like the Vietnam War Memorial for all the casualties in WW1 it would be 14 miles long.

26. The War at Sea German’s responded with the submarine
Prior to WW1 the major powers formed an international law that stated countries could ONLY blockade contraband (articles of war)
During WW1 Britain ignored this agreement and tried to starve the Central Powers into submission
Neutral Powers, mainly America objected
“freedom of the seas”
German’s responded with the submarine
Unrefined weapon- only used to sink other ships
Germany notified the international community it would sink any ship off Britain’s coast
The Lusitania was sunk May 9th 1915
Sunk in 18 minutes
1,198 people died, 128 Americans
In 2008 divers found Remington Bullets in the
wreckage, which supports Germany’s claims

27. The “Colonial” Fronts

28. Lawrence of Arabia The Hero of the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18
"I decided to go my own way, with or without orders".
Ability to speak Arabic led to his commission
Renown for not following protocol and his use of guerilla tactics against the Turks
The British were losing their campaign in the Middle East. Lawrence used untrained, undisciplined Arab/Native fighters to harass and eventually overcome the Turks
Fun Fact: He died at the age of 45 on a motorcycle doing 90mph while trying to avoid two boys who walked into his path.

29. Sikh British Soldiers in India

30. Fighting in Africa
Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]
British Sikh Mountain Gunners

31. 3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade
Fighting in Africa
3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

32. Fighting in Salonika, Greece
French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China

33. Crash Course

34. Women and the War Effort

35. Financing the War

36. For Recruitment

37. Munitions Workers

38. French Women Factory Workers

39. German Women Factory Workers

40. Working in the Fields

41. A Woman Ambulance Driver

42. Red Cross Nurses

43. Women in the Army Auxiliary

44. Russian Women Soldiers “The Women’s Battalion of Death”
2,000 women ages 13-25
Fought in the June Offensive 1917
In 3 months their numbers were down to 250
The Women's Battalion of Death recruited women between the ages of 13 and 25 and appealed for support in a series of public meetings, enlisting approximately 2,000 soldiers. The Battalion fought during the June Offensive against German forces in Three months of fighting dwindled their numbers to around two-hundred and fifty.

45. Effects of the War on Women
Voting (maybe not as influential as it seems)
England: Right to vote was granted by the 1918 Representation of the Peoples Act (385 to 55 margin)
France: Vote not granted until after WWII
Work
“A truly liberating experience” “Glory of Britain”
Jobs were often broken down into simpler unskilled tasks
When men returned home many women left the workforce to care for them
By 1931 wages had returned to pre-war levels

46. America Joins the Allies

47. The Sinking of the Lusitania

48. The Zimmerman Telegram

49. The Yanks Are Coming!

50. Americans in the Trenches

51. The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

52. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

53. French Renault Tank

54. British Tank at Ypres

55. U-Boats

56. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

57. “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
The Airplane
“Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

58. The Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie Rickenbacher, US
Francesco Barraco, It.
Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.
Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”]
Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr.
Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg.

59. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

60. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

61. The Zeppelin

62. Flame Throwers
Grenade Launchers

63. Poison Gas
Video
Machine Gun

64. “Art” of World War I

65. “A Street in Arras” John Singer Sargent, 1918

66. “Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

67. “Those Who Have Lost Their Names” Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

68. “Gassed and Wounded” Eric Kennington, 1918

69. “Paths of Glory” C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

70. German Cartoon: “Fit for active service!”, 1918

71. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

72. The Armistice is Signed!
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!

73. 9,000,000 Dead

74. The Somme American Cemetary, France
116,516 Americans Died

75. World War I Casualties

76. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

77. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey
1914
1922
Erzerum
215,000
1,500
Van
197,000
500
Kharbert
204,000
35,000
Diarbekir
124,000
3,000
Bitlis
220,000
56,000
Sivas
225,000
16,800
Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey
Western Anatolia
371,800
27,000
Cilicia and Northern Syria
309,000
70,000
European Turkey
194,000
163,000
Trapizond District
73,390
15,000
Total
2,133,190
387,800