1. INTRO TO ENTERPRISE DATABASES - I
Dr. Chandra Amaravadi
Western Illinois University

2. IN THIS PRESENTATION..
Basic concepts: data and info, entity, attr, pkey, file, record
Need for databases
Historical approach to data
Definitions
Database organization
DBMS and DBMS activities and functions
Importance of databases/Organizational importance
Course features

3. WHAT IS INFORMATION?

4. DEFINING DATA AND INFORMATION
Data: Data consists of raw facts e.g
USA Great Britain China Germany Russia Japan France

5. DATA VS INFORMATION
Country
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
USA 30 32 31 93
Great Britain 19 20 12 51
China 15 54
Germany 13 08 09
Russia 14 41
Japan 10 5 18 33
France 11
Italy 06 23
Data becomes information when we ________________ it.

6. NEED FOR DATABASES We live in an information age
cannot function without information
can be a life or death issue
finding acct balance
print transaction history
order spare parts for MRI machine
find patient records
needs to be a click away
otherwise, lost sale, lost profits or lost career!
How can we find information when we need it?

7. BASIC ORGANIZATION CONCEPTS
(Entity, attribute, primary key, file, record)

8. INTRODUCING ENTITIES, ECLASSES AND ATTRIBUTES
Information is a collection of facts usually DESCRIBING
something. What does it describe here? How?
Name: Steve Nash
DOB:
Profession: Basket ball player
Address: Walnut street.

9. COLLECTION OF DATA...
Following is another example of information as a collection of facts describing a transaction.
Acct#:
Date: /5/16
Time: :48 pm
Merchant: WIU Union
Card type: Master Card
Issuer: First Bank
______describe a transaction
more.

10. ONE ATTRIBUTE HAS A UNIQUE VALUE
One of these attributes always has a unique
value which one is it?
Acct#:
Date: /5/16
Time: :48 pm
Merchant: WIU Union
Card type: Master Card
Issuer: First Bank
The unique attribute is
Called a ______________

11. ORGANIZATION CONCEPTS
What can we say about these two sets of data?
Transaction#:
Date: /5/16
Time: :09 pm
Merchant: WIU Union
Card type: Master Card
Issuer: First Bank
Transaction#:
Date: /5/16
Time: :20 pm
Merchant: Vitales
Card type: Master Card
Issuer: Midwest Bank
____________________________

12. ORGANIZATION CONCEPTS..
Transaction#:
Date: /5/16
Time: :09 pm
Merchant: WIU Union
Card type: Master Card
Issuer: First Bank
________
Transaction ID
Date
Time
Merchant
55643
12/05/16
4:09 pm
WIU Union
55644
4:20 pm
Vitales
Data can be organized into a _____ with ________

13. DEFINITION OF A FILE.. A database ______ is a collection of _______ .
CBT QUALITY MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
Meeting Minutes
Meeting Date/time: December 2nd, 2:00 p.m.
Present: Brad Burke, Ken Dien, Chin Yi,
John Smith Oak Drive $ /5/16
Mary Ash Ponds $ /9/16
A database ______ is a collection of _______ .

14. DATABASE

15. DATABASE
Database - A shared collection of logically related data designed to meet the needs of multiple users in an organization.
Example, cars listed in auto-trader
Matches played in the olympics
Properties owned by a company
Books available from Amazon.com
DBMS is the software program.

16. DATABASE ORGANIZATION
Structure/schema
Attributes/field names
Primary key
PROD#
DESCR.
PRICE
QUANTITY
IR888E
Refrigerator
$1,800 20
TS3233
Television
$67 32
Record
Record
A database has a structure or schema that organizes the data into attributes. Collections of attribute values become records. A primary key guarantees unique access.
Attr. values

17. DATABASE ORGANIZATION
Database – A group of related files
File/table – A group of related records
Record – a grouping of related fields
Attr. value – value of an attr. e.g. hair color
Schema -- This is the structure or logical view
of the database (tables and attr.)
Primary key – An attribute whose values are
unique within a file
Secondary key – Any other attribute
Database
Files/tables
Records
Attr. values

18. HISTORICAL APPROACH TO DATA
The historical method of handling data is called file processing
/02/ :09pm WIU Union
/08/ :20pm Vitales
/05/ :20pm Vitales
/11/ :05am Pizza Hut
$ MC WIU Union
$ Visa Vitales
$ Visa Vitales
$ Amex Pizza Hut
File 1
File 2
Instead of storing data centrally in a database, in the file processing approach, the same data was often duplicated in multiple files.

19. FILE PROCESSING PROBLEMS
What problems did the file processing approach
result in?

20. DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS (DBMS)

21. DBMS
DBMS - software program to create, manage and provide controlled access to the data
Example Access, Oracle, DB2
What can we do with a DBMS?

22. DBMS ACTIVITIES & FUNCTIONS
The operations that can be carried out with a DBMS include:
Define structure / schema
Enter data
modify data
query data
get reports

23. DBMS ACTIVITIES & FUNCTIONS
Define structure/schema
Field Name
Data type
Description
Length
Decimals
Prod#
Numeric
Unique prod code 6
Descr
Text
Short prod
description 25
Price
Currency
Product price 2
This is called data definition

24. DATA ENTRY EMPLOYEE DATA ENTRY EMP ID: NAME: Title Label Field
A data entry form allows data to be entered easily.
Title
EMPLOYEE DATA ENTRY
Label
EMP ID:
Field
NAME:
Data entry form

25. ENTERING DATA EMPLOYEE DATA ENTRY EMP ID: NAME: 1117 John
The data is entered into the data entry form
This is called data entry. Where does the data go to?

26. RETRIEVING DATA
Data can be obtained from the database in the following ways:
By the user
SQL commands
QBE (Query by Example)
Reports
Via an application program
SQL commands only

27. RETRIEVING DATA THE STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE
Each SQL statement has three parts as shown below:
SELECT is used to select attributes needed
FROM is used to specify the tables from which data is obtained.
WHERE is used for including criteria (filter)
Select car_id, car_color, car_price, car_mileage
From cars
Where car_mileage < 100,000

28. RETRIEVING DATA..
Write an SQL statement for listing names of employees
in finance department.
Employee
Emp ID
Emp Name
Department
Join Date
1115
John
Finance
4/9/16
1117
Han
Sales & Mktg.
12/16/16
1120
Mary
Human Resources
1/19/16
SELECT ??
FROM ??
WHERE ??
This is called query/retrieval.

29. QUERY BY EXAMPLE List names of employees in finance department.
Emp ID
Emp Name
Department
Join Date
“finance”
A query by example form (QBE)
This is also another form of query/retrieval.

30. RETRIEVING DATA: REPORTS..
We can get data out through queries or reports
Reporting resembles COBOL reports
Report specification needs to be created
Consists of RH, PH, Detail, RF, PF
Report is generated from specification

31. SPECIFYING REPORTS.. A report specification RH Title PH Column
PRODUCT LISTING
Title PH
Column
Headings
PRODUCT #
DESCR.
PRICE
Detail
Product #
Descr.
Price
Fields PF
Average Price
Footer RF
A report specification

32. SUMMARY OF DBMS ACTIVITIES
Activities with DBMS
define structure/schema
enter data (into table/tables)
modify data (not discussed)
query data (from table/tables)
get reports (from table/tables)

33. USAGE OF DATABASES Databases are used (operational):
To store and record information e.g. bal, price, grades etc.
To retrieve information e.g. check#432 cashed?
To report information e.g. daily sales
To answer queries e.g. how many shoes were sold?
Advanced uses (Strategic):
To analyze trends
Identify sales prospects

34. OPERATIONAL & STRATEGIC USAGE
What if a customer wants to return a tie purchased in a store?
What if a manager wants to know what products were sold on a particular day?
Suppose we have detailed information on each and every transaction in a store, what can we do with that?

35. THE DEVELOPMENT CYCLE

36. THE DATABASE DEVELOPMENT CYCLE
How do we know what information we need for the
database?

37. THE DATABASE DEVELOPMENT CYCLE..
The database development cycle parallels the information
systems development cycle.
database planning
database analysis
database design
implementation
support/maintenance

38. THE DATABASE DEVELOPMENT CYCLE..
Planning
It is concerned with identifying what information will be in the database and the resources that will be required.
Analysis
This is concerned with the detailed requirements such as attributes, entity classes as well as with their relationships.
Design
It is concerned with creating a database structure that will fulfill the requirements
Implementation
This is the phase that is concerned with actually defining the structures, entering data and creating reports.
Maintenance
This is concerned with ensuring that the schema, reports etc are up to date and the database is performing well.

39. THE DEVELOPMENT CYCLE AND THIS COURSE..
Database environment Evolution & environment
Database planning Enterprise analysis
Analysis Database analysis
Design Logical design
Design Physical design
Implementation Access, MySQL assignments
Support/maintenance Database adminstration.

40. ABOUT THE COURSE

41. COURSE OBJECTIVES Thorough understanding of database concepts
Ability to develop ER models
Ability to develop database designs
Ability to implement databases in PC based systems
Ability to write SQL queries
Familiarity with database administration issues
Ability to analyze database requirements and implement systems for a small organization

42. COURSE FEATURES Very concept oriented Database concepts are abstract
Participation required!
Digressions welcome!
Guidelines are very subjective
Numerous in-class exercises
Reinforcing assignments
Need to have a good “schema”!

43. COURSE EVALUATION
EVALUATION ITEM
POINTS
Six assignments*
100
Midterms
200
Final
Quizzes (2 x 20) 40
Participation
Attendance 20
Total
500
*Lowest will be dropped, but -20 point penalty for non-submission
Note: Please refer to your course syllabus for up to date
information on the evaluation schedule.

44. CLASS PARTICIPATION Answer questions
Raise an issue relevant to the topic at hand
Solve an in-class problem
Participation quizzes
Max, two “tallies” per session
Quality and quantity of participation
Disruptive activities negatively assessed
Review powerpoints before coming to class!

45. GENERAL COMMENTS Database practice is an application of theory
Get theories/frameworks and definitions
into your system;
Need to have good conceptual understanding
Need to review frequently (before class, after class
and everyday)
Participate in class
Exams cover all topics (don’t strategize)
Most important course in the IS curriculum