1. The Meanings & Dimensions of Culture
Chapter 4
The Meanings & Dimensions of Culture

2. What is Culture?
Human interaction which is acquired knowledge where one interprets experience & generates behavior
6 Characteristics

3. Cultural Diversity
Many elements in examining cultural differences that affects various aspects for a manager
i.e. HR- should and is HR the same worldwide? Why or why not?

4. Handshakes Culture US Asian South Africa Italian New Zealand Types
Firm
Gentle, or nothing
Light/soft, long/involved
Formal, look directly in eyes, kiss checks
Firm & quick

5. Dimensions of Cultural Diversity
Centralized vs. Decentralized
Safety vs. Risk
Individual vs. Group Rewards
Informal vs. Formal Procedures
High vs. Low Org Loyalty
Cooperation vs. Competition
Short-term vs. Long-term horizons
Stability vs. Innovation

6. How do other cultures look at the US?
Americans to French
Arrogant
Flamboyant
Hierarchical
Emotional
French to Americans
Naïve
Aggressive
Unprincipled
Workaholic

7. Values in the Cultures How do you define value?
What’s right & wrong, good/bad, important/unimportant
Are they different/similar to each other’s culture?
Is USA’s changing? How?

8. Values of Manager Common Personal Values p. 115
Challenges for a Global Mgr

9. Hofstede’s 4 Cultural Dimensions
Power Distance
Uncertainty Avoidance
Individualism/Collectivism
Masculinity/Femininity

10. Hofstede’s Comparisons
Figure 4.4- GNP per Capita (2000) vs. Individualism
Figure 4.5- PD vs. Individualism
Figure 4.6- PD vs. UA
Figure 4.7- Masculinity vs. UA

11. Trompenaars’s Cultural 5 Dimensions
Universalism vs. Particularism
Individualism vs. Communitariansm
Neutral vs. Emotional
Specific vs. Diffuse
Achievement vs. Ascription

12. Review of each with 1 Question
Example of this of the Q bottom of p. 123

13. Trompenaars’s 6th and 7th Dimensions
Time= Sequential/Synchronous
Environment-
Which statement do you relate to?
What happens to me is my own doing
Sometimes I feel that I don’t have enough control over the direction my life is taking

14. Results p. 128
Statement 1= mgrs believe in the control of their environment
Statement 2= mgrs believe they aren’t in control of their environment
Table 4-5 pp. 129/130- shows cultural patterns/clusters

15. THE GLOBE Project
Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE)
A study & eval of cultural attributes & leadership behaviors
Identified 9 cultural dimensions

16. Internet Exercise as a Team
P Renault-Nissan in S. Africa
Teams will be assigned to the Q’s

17. Blue Ocean Strategies