1. The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic Timothy Dobson
Chapter 11
The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic
Timothy Dobson

2. Federalists and Republican Mudslingers
America’s first, “Whispering Campaign”
Rumors spread by both the Republican Party and the dying Federalists party about the upcoming presidential candidates, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson
The Federalists accused Jefferson of having an affair with one of his slaves and robbing a widow of her trust fund
Republicans blamed Adams for the creation of an unnecessary Army and Navy, while also revealing a secret pamphlet written by Hamilton criticizing Adams for his many mistakes

3. Revolution of 1800
Jefferson wins the election of 1800 over Adams by a majority of 73 electoral votes to 65
Northern critics refereed to him as the “Negro President” because Jefferson’s decisive victory arose from the three-fifths clause of the Constitution
This clause benefited southerners and therefore gave Jefferson the edge over Adams
Known as “Revolution of 1800” for its comparability of that of and its revival of old ways

4. “Midnight Judges” and Supreme Court Power
Created by the expiring Federalists party, the Judiciary Act of appointed 16 new federalist judgeships and judicial offices
Known as the “Midnight Judges” President Adams supposedly worked till 9 o’clock on his last day as president writing up this legislation
The new Republican-Democratic Congress quickly repealed the act and kicked out the 16 newly seated judge
The highly regarded case, Marbury vs Madison, showed that the Supreme Court had the final authority in determining the meaning of the Constitution

5. Jeffersonian Restraint
As president, Jefferson quickly pardoned the “martyrs” of the Sedition Act and remitted many fines
Jeffersonians also enacted the New Naturalization law in 1802
This act reduced the unreasonable requirement of 14 years of residence to the previous more reasonable 5 years
Jefferson hated the excise tax and convinced Congress to repeal it
The tax bred bureaucrats and went against his farmer following
The repeal cost the federal government about a million dollars a year in urgently needed revenue

6. Jefferson Military Behavior
Jefferson’s first ideologies as president reflected non-intervention and a small Military
He reduced the Military establishment to a near 2500 men and officers at the beginning of his term
Although, required to bend his thoughts when the pirate state of Tripoli declared war on the United States
Dispatched an infant navy and Marine Corps to Tripoli
By 1805, a treaty of peace was reached which secured the return of captured Americans for a ransom payment of $60,000

7. Jefferson’s Contribution to “Manifest Density”
Not wanting to fight France in Western America, Jefferson sends James Monroe to join Robert Livingston in Paris to buy as much land as he could for $10 million
France Sells the Louisiana territory to America for $15 million, almost doubling the size of the Untied States
France’s motivation to sell
Napoleons failed attempt to recapture Santo Domingo
Didn’t want a Naval superpower like Britain taking over the large land mass
To make money for Napoleon’s ambitions in Europe
Jefferson enacts the Louis and Clark Expedition to explore the northern parts of the purchase
This group discovers geographical, Indian, and scientific information

8. Arron Burr Conspiracies
After being dropped from Jefferson's cabinet, the first term vice president joined a group of extreme federalists
This group plotted the secession of New England and New York but failed when the plan was made public by Alexander Hamilton
After the devious plan’s dismantlement, Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel
Hamilton refused to shoot and he was shot and killed by Burr

9. The Hated Embargo Act
In 1806, England’s Order of Council closed the European ports under French control to foreign shipping. In response, the French ordered the seizure of all merchant ships that entered British ports
In retaliation to England and Frances’ system of impressment on American merchants and citizens, the reelected Jefferson passed the Embargo Act in 1807 to combat the evil methods
The act banned the exportation of any goods to any country
The embargo significantly hurt the profits of U.S. merchants and was consequently hated by Americans
Eventually repealed in 1809 and replaced by The Non-Intercourse Act which re-opened trade with all nations except France and England

10. Madison’s Revival of Trade
In 1809, James Madison became president
He passed Macon’s Bill No. 2
The act re-opened trade with both France and England
Ordered Britain to lift it’s Order of Councils within 3 months
Britain failed to terminate the Order of Councils and forced America to reenact the Embargo, but this time only on Britain
Macon’s Bill No. 2 was a contributing factor that led to the War of 1812

11. Interventions with Natives
Congress met in 1811 where the "war hawks" sermonized to go to war with the British and eliminate the Indian threats to pioneers
“War Hawks” were new hot heads in Congress who edged for a new war with the old enemy
With the thought of extermination at hand, the leader of the Shawnee, Tecumseh, created a confederacy of native tribes west of the Mississippi
Tecumseh brother, Tenskwatawa also known as “the Prophet” aided in this Unification
The large group of native tribes was aided and armed by the British, a contributing factor to the War of 1812

12. Mr. Madison’s War
On June 1, 1812, Madison requested Congress to declare war on the British
With the backing of the “War Hawks” and the Democratic- Republicans who supported them, Congress agreed to Madison’s declaration of war
These groups believed the country had to assert American rights to the world with actions such as invading Canada and attacking Indian Strongholds who were being supplied by the British
Federalists opposed the war because they supported Britain