1. Middle East
Essential Background

2. Objectives Describe the downfall of the Ottoman Empire.
Read an article for understanding.
Identify problems ME nations faced after independence.
Explain how some nations have progressed towards modernization.

3. Warm Up How has geography affected the peoples of the Middle East?
Crossroads of trade & cultural exchange; shared ideas, inventions of many cultures.

4. Early Empires Muslim Empire Spain, North Africa –> India
Damascus, Baghdad
AD height civilization
1095 European Crusades begin
Disintegrated into independent kingdoms

5. Early Empires Ottoman Empire Turks from Central Asia Capital Istanbul
height civilization
Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent
1800’s European Imperialism
Defeat WWI ended empire
Mandates

6. “How the Middle East Got That Way” Article & Questions
Reading Activity
“How the Middle East Got That Way” Article & Questions

7. Arab Nationalism Common destiny for all Arab people.
Pan Arabism
Arab League (1945)
Improve economic, cultural, social programs
Settle disputes, negotiate internationally
Joint defense alliance
Not fully recognized

8. Obstacles Ethnic Divisions Modernization vs. Westernization
Demand self-rule within
Wars between
Modernization vs. Westernization
Want technology, despise culture
Economic Gap
Socialism
Guest-workers
Developing Agriculture
Population Growth
Strain food, water supplies
Urbanization
Youth rebellion
Extremism
Fundamentalism & Sharia Law
Terrorism

9. Closure
How did Allied actions post WWI help create today’s ME tension?
Ignored ethnic & religious differences while creating new countries.