1. Department of Geography Jeon-Young Kang · Yi Yang
An Ontology for Capturing Geographical Phenomena : A Case of the Change of Administrative divisions of Seoul
Department of Geography
Jeon-Young Kang · Yi Yang

2. An Ontology for Capturing Geographical Phenomena
Outline
An Ontology for Capturing Geographical Phenomena I
Introduction II
Related Works
III
Integrating Geodatabase & BFO2.0 IV
Application – SPARQL, Demo V
Conclusion & Future Works

3. An Ontology for Capturing Geographical Phenomena
Introduction

4. Background and Purpose (1/2)
Two Challenge of G.I Processing
Peculiar characteristics Geo data
Mis-use of terminology
A lack of interoperability
Syntactic Heterogeneity
Structural Heterogeneity
Semantic Heterogeneity
Background
Linked web
Dynamic
time and space
Changing
Evolving Web
Geographical phenomena

5. Integrate geo-database and BFO
Background and Purpose (2/2)
Purpose
Integrate geo-database and BFO
Integrate domain ontology and upper level ontology
Spatio-temporal analysis by using ontologies
Investigating how administrative divisions of Seoul change

6. An Ontology for Capturing Geographical PhenomenaII
Related Works
먼저 연구의 개요입니다.

7. Why do we need Formal Ontologies? DOLCE?? BFO??
Related Works (1/2)
Why do we need Formal Ontologies? DOLCE?? BFO??
A reference for agents to commit to certain theories
A set formal guidelines for modeling domain/task ontologies
A tool for making heterogeneous ontologies integrate or merge
... …
META
BFO
SNAP geographical entities - continuants
SPAN geographical entities - occurents

8. Related Works (2/2) Geo Ontologies GeoSPARQL OGC Standard
Spatial object
Spatial relationship
GeoNames
Linked data
10,000,000 geographical names
7,500,000 unique features

9. Seoul as a case study(1/2)

10. Seoul as a case study(2/2)
The change of name of Seoul : Hanseong – Gyeongseong – Seoul
The name changed Hanseong to Gyeongseong at colony of Japan (1910)
the name changed Gyeongseong to Seoul after independence from Japan (1945)

11. An Ontology for Capturing Geographical Phenomena
III
Building Ontology
먼저 연구의 개요입니다.

12. Key concept in domain ontology
Building Ontology(1/4)
Key concept in domain ontology
Site
- b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [ ])
Spatial region
- A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [ ])

13. Building Ontology(2/4) Merge BFO 2.0 and domain ontology
Korean Division Name
English Division Name
The categories of Geonames Bu
Capital City
First-order Administrative division
Teukbyeol-si
Gwngyeok-si
Metropolitan City Do
Province Si
City
Second-order Administrative division Gu
District
Gun
County
Eup
Town
Third-order Administrative division
Myeon
Township
Dong
Neighborhood Ri
Village
Third- order Administrative division

14. Building Ontology(3/4)
Continuant and Occurrent

15. Building Ontology(4/4)
GeoSPARQL defines spatial relationship as Object Property using
9 Intersection Matrix

16. ArcGIS and layers Geo-database
Integration geo-database and
BFO 2.0 (1/3)
ArcGIS and layers
The dataset collected is organized in ArcGIS vector layers.
One layer for each time slide through the temporal dimension.
Attribute data is associated with spatial data.
Geo-database
Using relational database to store spatial and attribute data.
Ability to publish, analysis and process.

17. Integration geo-database and
BFO 2.0 (2/3)

18. D2RQ: linked data D2RQ mapping
Integration geo-database and
BFO 2.0 (3/3)
D2RQ: linked data
The D2RQ platform is a system for accessing relational databases as virtual, read-only RDF graphs. It offers RDF-based access to the content of relational databases without having to replicate it into an RDF
D2RQ mapping
Each record is a Site.
Each geometry is a Spatial region.
Each record belongs to geonames category.
Examples of definitions

19. An Ontology for Capturing Geographical PhenomenaIV
Application
먼저 연구의 개요입니다.

20. Application(1/3)
Search for Seoul’s area in certain year

21. Application(2/3)
Trace one site’s change through time

22. Application(3/3)
Demo

23. V Conclusion and Future works
An Ontology for Capturing Geographical Phenomena V
Conclusion and Future works
먼저 연구의 개요입니다.

24. Conclusion and Future works(1/2)
Summary
Suggests how to integrate Geodatabase and BFO 2.0
Tries to find the way to extend geo-database into ontology
Explore application of integrated ontology
Got to know how administrative division of Seoul have changed
Contribution
Tries the effective ways to support spatio-temporal queries.
By using Visual it would be helpful for understand the change of spatio-temporal data.

25. Conclusion and Future works(2/2)
Validate formality of this ontology.
Extend ontology with spatial relation property.
Spatial-temporal analysis using ontology hierarchy.
D2RQ is transitive method to transfer geo-data into ontology.
Geo-ontology is still far…

26. An Ontology for Capturing Geographical Phenomena※
Q & A