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Chapter 6 Swing.

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1 Chapter 6 Swing

2 © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved
Swing era 1930s - early 1940s Followed boogie-woogie Hundreds of local, regional, and nationally known big bands Each sought their own identity © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved

3 Beginnings Emerged around 1924 in New York
Independent sections - saxophone, trumpets, trombones, rhythm Written arrangements Less emphasis on improvisation Listen to demonstration 5 © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved

4 © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved
Instrumentation Bands ultimately adopted a standardized grouping of four sections Saxophones; 2 altos, 2 tenors, one baritone Trumpets; section of 4, the 1st (lead) responsible for highest notes, 2nd played most of the solos Trombones; four or five parts Rhythm; drums, piano, string bass, guitar © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved

5 © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved
Fletcher Henderson Pioneered big band arranging in the 20s Wrote extensively for Benny Goodman Orchestra Led popular band at New York’s Roseland ballroom Listen to “Wrappin’ It Up” CD 1, track 15 © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved

6 Other New York Band Leaders
Chick Webb ( ); drummer Led band at Savoy Ballroom Discovered Ella Fitzgerald Jimmie Lunceford ( ); former teacher Band combined precision with vaudeville type humor Duke Ellington ( ); pianist Band played at Harlem’s Cotton Club Advanced the art of orchestration Featured prominent soloists © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved

7 © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved
Kansas City Bands Mary Lou Williams ( ); pianist Wrote hundreds of arrangements for over a dozen leading bands Count Basie ( ); pianist Most famous band to come out of Kansas City Codified the riff style © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved

8 Count Basie Orchestra Basie first came to Kansas City in 1930
A member of Benny Moten’s Band Riff style arrangements featured soloists, and were often created spontaneously Many arrangements based on the blues structure Arrangements depended on the band quality of personnel Rhythm section anticipated the bop style Listen to “Taxi War Dance” CD 1, track 16 © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved

9 © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved
Paul Whiteman Violinist, society band leader Nicknamed “King of Jazz” Not a jazz musician Supporter of jazz musicians Paid top salaries during depression era Recorded Gershwin’s “Rhapsody in Blue” in 1924 © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved

10 © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved
Ascendance of Swing Volstead Act repealed 1,000s fill ballrooms around the country to dance to swing music Recordings and radio helped popularize swing in the 1930s First jazz concert Over 18,000 musicians on the road (touring) by 1937 Benny Goodman presents first jazz concert at Carnegie Hall © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved

11 © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved
Glenn Miller Most popular of all swing bands Outstanding arranger, trombonist, businessman Trademark was unerring precision © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved

12 Benny Goodman 1909-1986 The “King of Swing”
Inspired clarinet playing Began playing professionally at 16 International celebrity for over 40 years “Rock-star” status in 1930s Listen to “I Got Rhythm” CD 1, track 19 © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved

13 Coleman Hawkins 1904-1969 Epitome of swing tenor players
Rich, full tone, fast vibrato Fertile melodic imagination Put tenor sax on the map Most famous recording “Body and Soul” Listen to “The Man I Love” CD 1, track 17 © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved

14 Lester Young 1909-1959 Basie’s most well known sideman
Model for cool tenor saxophonist’s Lighter, dryer sound than Hawkins Subtle and more abstract ideas Listen to “Lester Leaps In” CD 1, track 18 © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved

15 © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved
Christian and Blanton Charlie Christian ( ) Elevated guitar from rhythm to melodic instrument Played with Benny Goodman at 19 yrs. Old Pioneered the use of an amplifier © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved

16 © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved
Christian and Blanton Jimmy Blanton ( ) Emancipated the bass from strictly a time-keeping instrument Played with Ellington from Laid the foundation for all future bass players © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved

17 Swing Singers Billie Holliday (1915-1959)
Equally adept at singing blues, pop and jazz Unique interpretive skills Listen to “Fine and Mellow” CD 1 track 5 © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved

18 © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved
Swing Singers Ella Fitzgerald ( ) Most memorable early performances with big bands Later influenced by bop style Perfected scat singing later in her career Won 10 Grammy Awards by 1982 © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved

19 © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved
Demise of Swing World War II created financial hardships and made touring difficult Rationing of gasoline, tires for civilian use AFM recording ban 30% federally imposed cabaret tax Changing tastes More interest in singers (like Frank Sinatra), than the bands that backed them Interest in newer pop styles that would ultimately lead to rock ‘n roll © 2009 McGraw-Hill All Rights Reserved

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