1. The Industrial Revolution
AP World History

2. Pre-Industrial Revolution
Village life dominated – nearly self sufficient
Most villagers were farmers – simple methods were used
Entire family was involved
Early industries – wool & coal (domestic system)

3. Industrial Revolution Begins In Great Britain
Had capital
Large scale farming
Commerce
Slave trade (?)
Had natural resources
Coal
Iron ore
Large network of rivers
Good harbors
Labor Supply
Growing population
Improved farming (crop rotation)
Farm workers moved to industrial areas (enclosures)
Entrepreneurs

4. Growth of Industry
Growth of factories – use water, coal, and steam to power textile machinery
Canals link coal fields and industrial centers
Steam powered engines for ships and boats
Spreads to France, Germany, and Northeastern United States
Mass production from interchangeable parts, division of labor, and the assembly line

5. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
World History

6. Positive Effects Increased world productivity
Synthetic materials are developed
New inventions improved quality of life for many
Growth of railroads
Death rates fell (people ate better and kept cleaner)
Birth rates fell (family planning practiced because people didn’t need large families to ensure survival)
Population growth stabilized
New entrepreneurs emerge
Labor eventually organizes (unions)

7. Positive Effects New opportunities for women
Rise of the middle class – size, power, and wealth expanded
Social structure becomes more flexible
Mechanization increased farm production
Application of science to study of health resulted in preventative medicine
(?) Steamship travel allowed for Europeans to reach interior of continents

8. Negative Effects
Handicraft workers were displaced (some fall into poverty)
Child labor used in factories & mines
Miserable working conditions - workplaces were cramped and dirty year round
Monotonous work with heavy, noisy, repetitive machinery
Dangerous working conditions – fingers, limbs & lives lost
Long working hours – six days a week
Rigid schedules ruled each day
Gas, candle & oil lamps created soot and smoke in factories
Diseases such as pneumonia & tuberculosis spread through factories

9. Negative Effects Coal dust in coal mines led to breathing problems
Labor unrest leads to demonstrations (sometimes violent)
Strikes take place
Women were paid less then men (were actually preferred)
Indentured workers
Employers had a more impersonal relationship with employees
Tenement housing was poorly constructed, crowded, and cold
Human and industrial waste contaminated water supplies – typhoid and cholera spread

10. Negative Effects
Air pollution increased over cities and industrial areas
Technological changes eroded the balance of power in Europe
Contributed to the growth of imperialism and communism (Marx’s & Engels’ theories)
Produced weaponry that gave Western nations a military advantage over developing nations

11. Not Necessarily Good or Bad
The location of work places changed as more goods were produced away from the home environment
Educational systems emphasized more science, technology, and business
A global economy began to emerge

12. Economic Effects New inventions and development of factories
Rapidly growing industry in the 1800s
Increased production and higher demand for raw materials growth of worldwide trade
Population explosion and expanding labor force
Exploitation of mineral resources
Highly developed banking and investment system
Advances in transportation, agriculture, and communication

13. Social Effects Increase in population of cities Lack of planning
Loss of family stability
Expansion of middle class
Harsh conditions for laborers, including children
Workers’ progress versus laissez-faire economic attitudes
Improved standard of living
Creation of new jobs
Encouragement of technological progress

14. Political Effects Child labor laws to end abuses
Reformers urging equal distribution of wealth
Trade unions formed
Social reform movements, such as utilitarianism, utopianism, socialism, and Marxism
Reform bills in Parliament and Congress