1. National Disaster Response Plan (NDRP) Hydro-Met, Earthquake & Tsunami, and Consequence Management for Terrorism Related Incidents

2. NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE PLAN LEGAL REFERENCE
Appropriate Greetings …

3. WHAT IS NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE PLAN?
It is the Government of the Philippines’ “multi-hazard” response plan. It outlines the processes and mechanisms to facilitate a coordinated response from the national down to local level agencies.
Local government institutions are responsible for the development and improvement of local response plans relative to their areas of responsibility and underlying risks.
Appropriate Greetings …

4. WHERE IS NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE PLAN USED?
NDRP is applicable significantly at the respective Emergency Operations Center before, during, and after disaster Response Operations at the national down to the provincial level.
Appropriate Greetings …

5. WHEN IS NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE PLAN USE?
NDRP is use whenever the Response Cluster is activated. It became the strategic and operational reference of Cluster to attain clear leadership, clear accountability, and clear predictability.
Appropriate Greetings …

6. WHO USES THE NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE PLAN?
NDRP is use by the NDRRMC specifically by the Vice-Chairperson for Response, PDRA Core, Response Cluster Leads and Members Agencies, including all private and volunteer groups acknowledged by the NDRRMC.
Appropriate Greetings …

7. STRATEGIC CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS for HYDROMET
Pre-Disaster
During-Disaster
Post-Disaster
Triggers for Activation
PAGASA Early Warning
NDRRMC Advisory
Request from LGUs
Reports or NO reports
of Incident/Disaster
CLUSTER APPROACH
Early Recovery
PDANA
RDANA
FNI
Mobility Resources
Search and Rescue
OPERATION PROTOCOL
Rationale
Objective
Concept Operations
Operations Flow (from LGU to NGAs)
Lead Cluster Agencies
Cluster Member Agencies
Roles and Responsibilities
CCCM
LAW & ORDER
HEALTH
PIHA
EDUCATION
ETC
LOGISTICS
SRR
IDP PROTECTION
MDM
International Humanitarian Community
Communication, Coordination, Cooperation, Collaboration, and Commitment
RFIHA

8. STRATEGIC CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS for TERRORISM
Pre-Disaster
PERFORM PHASE
During-Disaster (POST ACTION & ASSESSMENT PHASE)
Post-Disaster (Post Action & Assessment Phase)
Triggers for Activation
NSC Early Warning
NCMC REQUEST
Request from LGUs
CLUSTER APPROACH
Activation of the NIMT of the NCMC
Mobility Resources
Early Recovery
PDANA
FNI
Search, Rescue and Retrieval
RDANA
OPERATION PROTOCOL
Rationale
Objective
Concept Operations
Operations Flow (from LGU to NGAs)
Lead Cluster Agencies
Cluster Member Agencies
Roles and Responsibilities
CCCM
LAW & ORDER
HEALTH
PIHA
EDUCATION
ETC
LOGISTICS
SRR
IDP PROTECTION
MDM
International Humanitarian Community
Communication, Coordination, Cooperation, Collaboration, and Commitment
RFIHA

9. Triggers for Activation
STRATEGIC CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS EARTHQUAKE & TSUNAMI
During-Disaster
Post-Disaster
Triggers for Activation
PHIVOLCS Announcement
NDRRMC Advisory
PDANA
RDANA
CLUSTER APPROACH
Reports or NO reports
of Disaster
SRR Operations
Early Recovery
FNI
Mobility Resources
CCCM
Request from LGUs
LAW & ORDER
OPERATION PROTOCOL
Rationale
Objective
Concept Operations
Operations Flow (from LGU to NGAs)
Lead Cluster Agencies
Cluster Member Agencies
Roles and Responsibilities
HEALTH
PIHA
EDUCATION
ETC
LOGISTICS
SRR
The concept of the national disaster response system for earthquake and tsunami is divided into two different phases; the during disaster and post disaster. There are triggers for activation that were identified; PHVOLCS Official Announcement, NDRRMC Advisory, Reports or No report of Incident or Disaster and the request from the LGUs. The response system is working using the Philippine Cluster Approach System wherein Council members, government agencies, private / volunteer groups and CSOs are group into functional organization to address specific discipline of disaster response management operations. These Clusters are working using their respective operations protocol to PROVIDE conduct search and rescue, movement of mobility assets, damage assessment and needs analysis, early recovery and post disaster assessments.
In parallel with the Philippine Cluster System, the International Humanitarian Partners acts as the Co-Lead for the international community to attain coordination, collaboration, communication and cooperation for disaster management operations.
IDP PROTECTION
MDM
International Humanitarian Community
RFIHA
Communication, Coordination, Cooperation, Collaboration, and Commitment

10. Operational Coordinator
Organizational Structure
RESPONSE CLUSTER
Chairperson, NDRRMC
Vice-Chairperson
for Response
(DSWD)
Operational Coordinator
(OCD)
EDUCATION (DepEd)
Today, there are 12 Response Clusters headed by the Vice-Chairperson for Response, the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). The OCD acts as the operational coordinator of this Clusters.
The organizational structure is as shown: Education Cluster Lead Agency is the DepEd; Health is DOH; International Humanitarian Relations (IHR) is DFA; Logistics is OCD; Management of the Dead and Missing (MDM) is DILG; Protection is DSWD; Food and Non-Food is DSWD; Search, Rescue and Retrieval (SRR) is DND-AFP; Law and Order (LO) is DILG-PNP; Emergency Telecommunications is OCD; and Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) is DSWD.
HEALTH (DOH)
PIHA (DFA)
LOGISTICS (OCD)
MDM (DILG)
PROTECTION
(DSWD)
FNI
(DSWD)
SRR
(DND-AFP) LO
(DILG-PNP)
ETC
(OCD)
CCCM
(DSWD)

11. OBJECTIVES OF RESPONSE CLUSTER Chairperson, NDRRMC Vice-Chairperson
for Response
(DSWD)
Operational Coordinator
(OCD)
To provide assistance in the proper identification and disposition of the remains in a sanitary manner with cautions to prevent negative psychological and social impact on the bereaved and the community. .
EDUCATION (DepEd)
To ensure effective and predictable health response built on health priorities and related best practices.
HEALTH (DOH)
PIHA (DFA)
LOGISTICS (OCD)
To provide an efficient and effective logistics coordinating structure that will harmonize the activities of all clusters and encourage regular info-sharing among all stakeholders and other partners which covers the following:
• transportation (emergency road network, land, sea and air),
• warehousing,
• inventories
• tracking of deployed items
MDM (DILG)
PROTECTION
(DSWD)
To establish an organized and systematic management structure for all international humanitarian assistance to the Philippines, e.g., accommodation of search and rescue and disaster relief teams, among others.
Ensure that protection issues do not arise in emergency situations and to respond and mitigate the effect of any protection issues that do arise
To ensure safety of learners and DepEd personnel and to provide continued access to quality of education to all affected learner.
The following are the objectives of the Clusters…
To save lives by providing food and non-food to the affected populations during the emergency response phase in the short-term, and to restore at least the pre-disaster level of food security in the affected areas in the long-term.
To provide security for the Response Clusters, enforce law and order in the community, and provide traffic management that will facilitate the speedy movement of people, goods and equipment to the affected areas
To strengthen ICT capacities at national down to local level responders to prepare for, respond to and recover from the impacts of disasters.
To provide support for an effective, timely, organized and systematic search, rescue and retrieval in all emergencies to further minimize loss of lives and casualties.
To provide assistance and augment all requirements for the management and evacuation of families affected by disasters.
FNI
(DSWD)
SRR
(DND-AFP)
LAO
(DILG-PNP)
ETC
(OCD)
CCCM
(DSWD)

12. Operational Coordinator
Membership of the
RESPONSE CLUSTER
Chairperson, NDRRMC
Vice-Chairperson
for Response
(DSWD)
Operational Coordinator
(OCD)
EDUCATION (DepEd)
HEALTH (DOH)
IHR (DFA)
LOGISTICS (OCD)
MDM (DILG)
PROTECTION
(DSWD)
DepED, CHED, TESDA, UNICEF,Save the Children, Plan International, World Vision, Private and Volunteer Groups acknowledged by NDRRMC
DSWD, DOH, NBI, PRC, PNP, IFRC, ICRC, and Private / Volunteer Groups acknowledged by NDRRMC
DOH, AFP, PNP, BFP, PRC, WHO, UNICEF, PLAN International, Save the Children, World Vision, WFP, Private and Volunteers acknowledged by NDRRMC
DOF, DSWD, DOJ-BI, DOH, DOTC, OCD, BoC, AFP, PHIVOLCS and other organizations acknowledged by NDRRMC
DFA, DPWH, DOTr, DILG, DSWD, AFP, BFP, PCG, PPA, PNP, CAAP, MIAA, and Private / Volunteers Groups acknowledged by NDRRMC
DOH-HEMS, DILG, PNP-WCPC, National Inter-agency Council on Anti-Trafficking and Violence Against Women and Children, CSOs, NGOs
The following are the members of each Cluster…
FNI
(DSWD)
SRR
(DND-AFP)
LAO
(DILG-PNP)
ETC
(OCD)
CCCM
(DSWD)
DSWD, DA, DOH, NFA, PRC, World Vision, IOM, FAO, ADRA, and other organizations acknowledged by NDRRMC
DICT, DSWD, NTC, AFP, BFP, PCG, PNP, OCD, and Private / Volunteer Groups acknowledged by NDRRMC
DOH-HEMS, DILG, DepED, OCD, NHA, NCC, PRC, WFP, World Vision, International Organization for Migration, FAO, and other organizations acknowledged by NDRRMC
DILG, DOH, DFA, OCD, MMDA, PRC, PNP, BFP, PCG, IFRC, ICRC, and Private / Volunteer Groups acknowledged by NDRRMC
DILG, AFP, BFP, BJMP, PCG, NBI, BI, and all volunteers groups acknowledged by NDRRMC

13. STRATEGIC OPERATIONS PROTOCOLS for HydroMet, Earthquake, Tsunami, and Consequence Management for Terrorism Related Incidents
Appropriate Greetings …

14. Strategic Operations Protocol
NDRRMC
HCT, NGO, INGO, ICSO, CSO, other organizations acknowledged by NDRRMC
ACTION:
During Level 3 Response Action, NDRRMC through NDRRM OpCen recommends for the following actions:
Response Cluster and/or IMT activation;
Declaration of National State of Calamity; and
Call for Request for International Humanitarian Assistance.
LEAD, RESPONSE CLUSTER and NIMT
Lead, Response Cluster and NIMT:
Coordinates with the affected LGUs for appropriate deployment and conduct of RDANA operations;
Submit reports to NDRRMC; and
Provides response needs of affected LGUs
Response Clusters and/or NIMT:
Acted on REPORTS from the affected LGUs through the Crisis Managers and/or LDRRMCs (Region, Province, City/Municipal);
Deployed RDT at the affected areas to conduct RDANA; and
Conduct disaster response action and/or consequence management operations
Emergency Operations Center (EOC) at LGUs
Without Report
ASSUMPTION:
EOC INSTALLED by the Rapid Response Team will function with members of the National Response Cluster & NIMT with or without LCEs of the affected LGUs.
Incident Command Posts at LGUs
NATIONAL IMT
OpCens of Warning Agencies
PAGASA
PHIVOLCS
MGB
Strategic Operations Protocol
(NDRP for Hydro-Met, Earthquake and Tsumanis)
With Report
AUGMENTATION:
Affected LGUs are with capacity but needing augmentation
LEGEND:
Direction of action
Direction of Information
RESPONSE CLUSTER 
RDANA
Feedback:
Detection
Tracking
Monitoring
Operations Center
The slide will show us the operations protocol of the Philippine Cluster Approach System… (please refer to the workflow as shown in the slide)
Note to the presenter:
RDANA will shall also be institutionalized at the LGU level and will be basis for the actions to be taken by the national government for ‘augmentation’ and ‘assumption’ scenarios.
But for both scenarios, emphasis should be noted that the consent of the lgu concerned will be sought.

15. Operations Protocol
(NDRP for Consequence Management for Terrorism Related Incidents)
HCT, NGO, INGO, ICSO, CSO, other organizations acknowledged by NDRRMC
Emergency Operations Center (EOC) at LGUs for CMC
LEGEND:
Direction of action
Direction of Information
Incident Command Posts at LGUs
ACTION:
Without Report
ASSUMPTION:
EOC INSTALLED by the Rapid Response Team will function with members of the National Response Cluster & NIMT with or without LCEs of the affected LGUs.
ACTION:
With Report
AUGMENTATION:
Affected LGUs are with capacity but needing augmentation
RDANA
OpCens of Warning Agency
NATIONAL CRISIS MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
NDRRMC
Operations Center
NDRRMC
RESPONSE CLUSTER 
LEAD, RESPONSE CLUSTER and NIMT
NATIONAL IMT
The slide will show us the operations protocol of the Philippine Cluster Approach System… (please refer to the workflow as shown in the slide)
Note to the presenter:
RDANA will shall also be institutionalized at the LGU level and will be basis for the actions to be taken by the national government for ‘augmentation’ and ‘assumption’ scenarios.
But for both scenarios, emphasis should be noted that the consent of the lgu concerned will be sought.
ACTION:
Lead, Response Cluster and NIMT:
Coordinates with the affected LGUs for appropriate deployment and conduct of RDANA operations;
Submit reports to NDRRMC; and
Provides needs of affected LGUs
ACTION:
Feedback:
Inform and request the NDRRMC to monitor ongoing Crisis and Emergency
ACTION:
During Level 3 Response Action, NDRRMC through NDRRM OpCen recommends for the following actions:
Response Cluster and/or IMT activation;
Declaration of National State of Calamity; and
Call Request for International Humanitarian Assistance.
ACTION:
Response Clusters and NIMT:
Acted on REPORTS from the affected LGUs through the Crisis Managers (Region, Province, City/Municipal);
Deployed RDT at the affected areas to conduct RDANA; and
Conduct consequence management operations

16. NDRP COORDINATION MECHANISMS for HydroMet, Earthquake, Tsunami, and Consequence Management for Terrorism Related Incidents
Appropriate Greetings …

17. NATIONAL STRATEGIC COORDINATION DURING EMERGENCIES
Alert Level
ALPHA
LDRRMC
BRAVO
PDRRMC
CHARLIE
RDRRMC
DELTA
NDRRMC
NATIONAL STRATEGIC COORDINATION DURING EMERGENCIES
The following levels of action shall be used as reference at different levels of response:
Alert Level “ALPHA” – occurrence of incident/s within the maximum capacity of the Local DRRMC
Alert Level “BRAVO” – occurrence of incident/s within the maximum capacity of the Provincial DRRMC
Alert Level “CHARLIE” – occurrence of incident/s within the maximum capacity of the Regional DRRMC deployed elements
Alert Level “DELTA” – occurrence of major incident/s requiring national response (NDRRMC)
Section 1, Rule 11, IRR, RA – Coordination During Emergencies

18. LEVELS OF DISASTER RESPONSE ACTIONS:
The following levels of action shall be used as reference at different levels of response:
Level 1: The lowest form of individual and respective organizational planning. It delves with specific organizational arrangements to provide the consequence management services that the organization is mandated to deliver.
Level 2: Defines how the lead agency of specific Cluster and its members will work together to achieve its specific objectives. It entails the coordination among Cluster members under the command and control of the lead agency of the Cluster.
Level 3: The highest form of preparedness and response planning and operations. Under this phase, the Vice Chairperson for Response provides a common strategic planning and operational framework and process to warrant configuration of consequence management operations to all-encompassing principles and goals.
LEVEL 1
Agency Preparedness and Response Operations
LEVEL 2
Specific Cluster Preparedness and Response Operations
LEVEL 3
Inter-Cluster Preparedness and Response Operations
Figure Levels of Response

19. AS PER NDRP: ALERT STATUS: RED ALERT STATUS: BLUE
ACTION
- Response Cluster Operations
Incident Management Team Operations
Force Provider-Force Employer
RDANA Operations
RESPONSE LEVEL 2 OR 3
Operations
Result of PDRA-APP
Response Level 3
RC and/or IMT Activation
Agency, Cluster, & Inter-Cluster
Opns
ALERT STATUS: BLUE
ACTION
- Risk Analysis & Monitoring
- Minimum Preparedness Action
- Advance Preparedness Action
- Contingency Planning for Response
RESPONSE LEVEL 1
Early Warning
Detection
Tracking
Monitoring
Early Actions
Result of PDRA
ALERT STATUS: WHITE
ACTION
- Daily administrative and operational activities
Continuous preparedness activities
Normal Situation
Agency Specific Action
Agency Monitoring
Agency Routine
LEGEND:
INDICATORS
RESPONSE LEVEL
ALERT STATUS

20. STRATEGIC INTEROPERABILITY OF RESPONSE CLUSTER (RC) & INCIDENT MANAGEMENT TEAM (IMT) for HydroMet, Earthquake, Tsunami, and Consequence Management for Terrorism Related Incidents
Appropriate Greetings …

21. Operational Coordinator Emergency Operations Center
STRATEGIC INTEROPERABILITY
CHAIRPERSON
RESOURCE PROVIDER
NDRRMC
Operations Center
Vice-Chairperson
for Response
(DSWD)
LOGISTICS (OCD)
FNI
MDM (DILG)
SRR
(DND-AFP)
EDUCATION (DepEd)
HEALTH (DOH)
IHR (DFA) LO
(DILG-PNP)
ETC
(OCD)
CCCM
PROTECTION
Operational Coordinator
RESOURCE EMPLOYER
Emergency Operations Center
Today, there are 12 Response Clusters headed by the Vice-Chairperson for Response, the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). The OCD acts as the operational coordinator of this Clusters.
The organizational structure is as shown: Education Cluster Lead Agency is the DepEd; Health is DOH; International Humanitarian Relations (IHR) is DFA; Logistics is OCD; Management of the Dead and Missing (MDM) is DILG; Protection is DSWD; Food and Non-Food is DSWD; Search, Rescue and Retrieval (SRR) is DND-AFP; Law and Order (LO) is DILG-PNP; Emergency Telecommunications is OCD; and Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) is DSWD.
INCIDENT COMMANDER
RESPONSIBLE
OFFICER
OPERATIONS SECTION
PLANNING SECTION
LOGISTICS SECTION
ADMIN AND FINANCE SECTION
SRR TEAMS
RETT TEAMS
HEM TEAMS
“Operational Control (OPCON)”

22. TIMELINES OF EMERGENCY TOOLS AND SERVICES for HydroMet, Earthquake, Tsunami, and Consequence Management for Terrorism Related Incidents
Appropriate Greetings …

23. TIMELINES OF EMERGENCY
TOOLS AND SERVICES
0 – 48 HOURS
72 HOURS
1 WEEK
2-6 WEEKS
Response Clusters activated
Declared National State of Calamity and/or Emergency of Affected LGUs
Deployed RDT, NDRRMC
Deployed RDANA Teams
Deployed SRR and other responders groups
RETT, ETC deployed and established
Augmented or Assumed function on disaster response
Confirmed installation of EOCs and ICP by affected LGUs.
Requested and/or accepted International Humanitarian Assistance
UN and Humanitarian partners (HCT) coordinated
HumCMCoord established at the national level
NDRRMC SitReps produced
RDANA including scenario definition completed
Local SRR Cluster members deployed including international SAR members
Local or International Cluster (Inter-Operability) Response Planning initiated
OCD Regional Coordination Centers set up
HumCMCoord established at regional level
Deployed international assistance and support
Potential launching of flash appeal either local and international
OSS established at all airports and seaports
NDRRMC SitReps produced
Initial QRF released
Cluster Response interoperability and synchronization of workflows through NDRRMC established
OSS working led by DFA in coordination with IHR
Cluster and other
agencies
Identified early recovery activities and schedule of implementation
NDRRMC SitReps produced
Search and Rescue Operations terminated
Handover of International SAR to local SRR completed
Retrieval Operations continued
Deployed 2nd DANA Teams to accomplish RDANA Form #2
NDRRMC Final Disaster Operations Report produced
Recovery and Rehabilitation Plan drafted
EMERGENCY
As a quick guide for the Cluster Leads and Members, they are provided with this Timelines of Emergency Tools and Services …

24. NDRP: Preparations for 7.2 Magnitude Earthquake
The following slides shows the preparation of the NDRRMC in connection with the 7.2 Mangnitude Earthquake caused by the movement of the West Valley Fault.

25. Assumptions/General Scenario
Impact of Magnitude 7.2 earthquake from the
West Valley Fault
Slight Damage (sqm)
40,564,357
Moderate Damage (sqm)
68,849,303
Extensive Damage (sqm)
63,511,360
Complete Damage (sqm)
78,500,501
Complete Collapse (sqm)
9,642,793
Loss (millions of pesos)
2,268,844 (2.3 T)
Slight Injuries
385,545
Serious Injuries
112,426
Life-threatening Injuries
13,751
Fatalities
31,228
Fire Incidents
500
Population to be brought to Evacuation Camps
2,881,437
As shown is the Assumption/General Scenario based on the output of the MMIERS Study.

26. North Quadrant Quezon City Mandaluyong City Caloocan City
San Juan City
Valenzuela City
East Quadrant
Marikina City
Pasig City
West Quadrant
Manila
Pasay City
Malabon City
Navotas City
In the event of a 7.2 magnitude earthquake, Metro Manila will be physically divided into four quadrants.
South Quadrant
Makati City
Pateros
Taguig City
Parañaque City
Las Piñas City
Muntinlupa City

27. EFFECTS North Quadrant Bridge Damage East Quadrant Building Damage
West Quadrant
Fire
Building Damage
South Quadrant
Bridge Damage
Said separation will be caused by fire incidents and building damage in the West Quadrant, bridge damage in the North Quadrant, building and bridge damaged in the East Quadrant, and bridge damage in the South Quadrant. Also shown is the estimated damaged and casualties in each of the quadrant.

28. Primary ICS Facilities/Staging Areas in the National Capital Region
NORTH QUADRANT
EAST QUADRANT
Veterans Memorial Medical Center (VMMC), North Avenue, Quezon City (area of 56 ha.)
LRT 2 Santolan Station, Pasig City (area of 101 ha.)
Villamor Airbase Golf Course, Pasay City (area of 60 ha.)
Intramuros Golf Course, City of Manila (area of 23 ha.)
Based on the Metro Manila Earthquake Contingency Plan the following areas were identified as primary ICS Facilities in NCR per quadrant.
Said facilities will also serve as staging point for incoming assistance for Metro Manila.
SOUTH QUADRANT
WEST QUADRANT

29. Assisting Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (RDRRMC)
Region II DRRMC (Primary)
Region I DRRMC (Primary)
Region VII DRRMC (Alternate)
Region XI DRRMC (Alternate)
NORTH QUADRANT
EAST QUADRANT
SOUTH QUADRANT
WEST QUADRANT
Automatic response will be coming from the different regions outside Metro Manila, Regions IVA and III. The NDRRMC has assigned unaffected regions to assist the different quadrants. The assignment is pre-identified based on their location and possible entry points to MM.
CAR DRRMC (Primary)
Region V DRRMC (Primary)
Region VI DRRMC (Alternate)
Region X DRRMC (Alternate)

30. Temporary Evacuation Camps of Local Government Units (LGUs)
Safe open spaces, athletic fields, sports arena and memorial parks such as:
Loyola and Manila Memorial Parks
Amoranto Stadium
Vacant subdivision developments
Shown in this slide are the suggested temporary evacuations camps of LGUs

31. SUB-ALTERNATE NDRRMC OpCen
Alternative National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Operations Center (NDRRMC OpCen)
OFF-SITE NDRRMC OpCen
ONSITE
NDRRMC OpCen
SUB-ALTERNATE NDRRMC OpCen
CLARK AIRBASE
Pampanga
General Headquarters Grandstand
SUBIC FREEPORT
Zambales
The NDRRMC has also identified ONSITE, OFF SITE and Sub Alternative NDRRMC Opcen. In case that the NDRRMC Opcen in Camp Aguinaldo cannot function/ operate.

32. Conduct of Earthquake Drills & TTX
4 Quadrants
NDRRMC EOC – Camp Aguinaldo
NDRRMC Alternate EOC - Clark
Shown are the various activities conducted by the NDRRMC in preparation of the Big One.

33. Information Campaign Valley Fault System Atlas EQ Info Materials
Aside from the conduct of Drills and Exercises, the NDRRMC have also published information and education materials.

34. Thank you!