1. Just what you need for the test powerpoint
Evolution
Just what you need for the test
powerpoint

2. Arguments for Evolution
1 Fossil evidence – fossils determine age
2 Anatomy – homologous and vestigial
3 Embryology - recapitulation
4 Biochemistry – DNA and similar proteins
5 Distribution of animals – animals are
different in isolated areas

3. Ch. 8 The History of Life biblical worldview Word of God
source of absolute truth
1. creation (ex nihilo) Gen 1 – 11
2. the fall Gen 3:17-19
3. redemption Matt 1:21, Luke 24:46-47

4. Non-biblical worldview:
Ch. 8 The History of Life
Non-biblical worldview:
theory of evolution
theory of cosmological beginnings
- Big Bang

5. Non-biblical worldview:
Ch. 8 The History of Life
Non-biblical worldview:
theory of evolution
2. theory of biological evolution
- less complex organisms
give rise to
more complex organisms

6. Non-biblical worldview:
Ch. 8 The History of Life
Non-biblical worldview:
theory of evolution
3. philosophy of evolution
- all things are progressing
toward a future perfection

7. Ch. 8 The History of Life Results of believing evolution theory
1. man is not responsible to God
2. man does not need a savior
3. man is a highly evolved animal
4. man’s religion = scientism
Ch. 8 The History of Life

8. interpreting the Bible
Ch. 8 The History of Life
theistic evolution:
interpreting the Bible
to support evolution

9. Apparent Age
The earth was created fully mature, just as Adam was not born an infant.
If the world was created mature, then this could possibly throw off the age the geologists give to land formations.

10. Charles Lyell
A geologist that stated that the earth was millions of years old.
Determined this by the rate of natural processes that take place at a predictable rate.

11. Thomas Malthus
An economist who proposed that resources such as food, water and shelter are natural limits to human population growth.

12. Ch. 8 The History of Life Lamarkian evolution 1801 Theory of need
use & disuse
inheritance of acquired
characteristics

13. Ch. 8 The History of Life Lamarkian evolution 1801 Objections
need doesn’t affect DNA
DNA not affected by use or disuse

14. Ch. 8 The History of Life Always be ready to give an answer
to every man
that asks for a reason
for the hope
that is within you.
1 Peter 3:15

15. Darwin’s theory of evolution
Ch. 8 The History of Life
Darwin’s theory of evolution
Descent with modification
common ancestor
2. “survival of the fittest”
natural selection

16. He also noticed turtle shell differences

17. Darwin’s Finches

18. More Finches

19. HMS Beagle’s Path

20. Descent with modification
Common Ancestor??
Yes!!!
But not from a ancestor of a different species.

21. Natural Selection of Peppered Moths
Ch. 8 The History of Life
Natural Selection of Peppered Moths

22. Ch. 8 The History of Life Darwin’s theory of evolution Objections:
Variations of a Biblical kind
are not newly evolved organisms
Not always overpopulation
Not always the fittest that reproduce

23. Ch. 8 The History of Life pangenes
genes that travel from the affected organ
to repro organs to be given to offspring

24. Ch. 8 The History of Life Darwinism Neo-Darwinism changes due to need
changes occur due to sudden mutations

25. Ch. 8 The History of Life Mutations a change in the nucleotide base
sequence (DNA) of a gene

26. Mutations do NOT cause evolution
Ch. 8 The History of Life
Mutations do NOT cause evolution
1 in 10 million divisions
usually harmful
All good mutations have to be in 1 organism?

27. Ch. 8 The History of Life Genetic Load: # of mutations
1,000s of mutations
would kill an organisms

28. Ch. 8 The History of Life Punctuated equilibrium:
evolution occurs rapidly
for a while and
then not at all
for awhile

29. Comparative Embryology

30. Ch. 8 The History of Life Theory of Recapitulation
ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny
We go through stages of
evolution during
development

31. Theory of Recapitulation
Ch. 8 The History of Life
Theory of Recapitulation
It’s a lie!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

32. Homologous structures

33. Arguments for Evolution
1 Fossil evidence – fossils determine age
2 Anatomy – homologous and vestigial
3 Embryology - recapitulation
4 Biochemistry – DNA and similar proteins
5 Distribution of animals – animals are
different in isolated areas

34. Vestigial structures

35. Vestigial structures

36. Divergent Evolution

37. Convergent Evolution

38. Fossils

39. Ch. 8 The History of Life fossil: any direct or indirect evidence
of a once-living organism
that is embedded or preserved
in the earth’s crust

40. Ch. 8 The History of Life types of fossils Preserved parts
- must be quickly placed under
pressure in rock-forming sediment

41. Ch. 8 The History of Life types of fossils
2. Preserved carbon (coal) “fossil fuel”
- plant material under
high temp & pressure

42. Ch. 8 The History of Life types of fossils 3. Preserved forms
- casts or molds
- rarely in tar pits

43. Ch. 8 The History of Life types of fossils 4. Preserved tracks
- made in soft mud
which was turned
to stone

44. Ch. 8 The History of Life types of fossils 5. Petrification
- when water with
minerals penetrates
the solid parts of organisms

45. Ch. 8 The History of Life
frozen wooly mammoth found 2007

46. Ch. 8 The History of Life deluge: deluge theory of fossilization:
to wash from
deluge theory of fossilization:
most fossils were formed
as a result of the flood

47. Ch. 8 The History of Life Age of the Earth
Dating fossils with fossils?
* layers of the earth are assigned dates
* index fossils are assigned dates
* fossils found above index are “younger”
* fossils found below index are “older”

48. Sedimentary Rock & Fossils
The oldest layers are at the bottom, the more recent layers are at the top.

49. similar appearance = common ancestor?
Ch. 8 The History of Life
Phylogenetic Tree
a line up of organisms
based on how they
might be related
similar appearance = common ancestor?

50. Common Ancestors ?
Phylogenetic tree

51. Ch. 8 The History of Life

52. Ch. 8 The History of Life Age of the Earth
Evolved over 4.5 billion years?
based date on…
* time needed for biological
evolution
* physical dating methods

53. Radiometric Dating

54. Ch. 8 The History of Life Dating Methods 3. Decay or Buildup
* radiometric dating methods
(1) uranium-lead method:
half-life = 4.5 billion years
½ U decays to lead

55. Ch. 8 The History of Life Dating Methods (2) carbon-14 dating
half-life = 5730 year
½ of C-14 decays to nitrogen

56. Ch. 8 The History of Life Dating Methods assumptions of carbon dating
1. constant amount of C-14 vs C-12
2. equal C-14 formed & destroyed
3. C-14 decay rate constant
4. Constant amount of C-12 available

57. Creation

58. Ch. 8 The History of Life Creation Week
Day 1 > light & darkness / day & night
Day 2 > firmament / waters divided
Day 3 > land & seas / plants
Day 4 > sun, moon & stars
Day 5 > animals of air & water
Day 6 > land animals & man

59. Non literal interpretations
Theistic Evolution
Gap Theory
Day-Age theory