1. ENGLISH PHONETICS & PHONOLOGY
Weeks 13 & 14

2. Weeks 13 & 14 Elision & Assimilation/-s Elaborated
Sounds in context – in touch (immediate neighbours);
Sounds /t/ & /d/; voiced & voiceless alveolar plosives;
Context = consonant chain/string (usually 3 consonant sounds);

3. Weeks 13 & 14 Elision & Assimilation/-s Elaborated
Context = consonant chain/string (usually 3 consonant sounds);
Sounds /t/ & /d/ are sandwiched and are not pronounced – they are elided
E.g. cost me five pounds stopped for a drink
you and me must be him

4. Weeks 13 & 14 Elision & Assimilation/-s Elaborated
Assimilation (of voicing)
Endings/suffixes –s/es & -ed
How do we pronounce them?
If preceded by a voiceless sound, they will be pronounced as /s/ & /t/;
If preceded by a voiced sound, they will be pronounced as /z/ & /d/

5. Weeks 13 & 14 Elision & Assimilation/-s Elaborated
Assimilation (of voicing)
If preceded by a voiceless sound, they will be pronounced as /s/ & /t/;
If preceded by a voiced sound, they will be pronounced as /z/ & /d/
They represent the notion of assimilation of voicing
(a voiced sound wants to be next to another voiced one and the same goes for voiceless sounds)

6. Weeks 13 & 14 Elision & Assimilation/-s Elaborated
Assimilation (of manner of articulation)
Illustrated via voiced, dental fricative /ð/
If preceded by /l/, the mentioned sound, /ð/ itself becomes /l/, e.g. file the documents
If preceded by /n/, /ð/ itself becomes the mentioned alveolar nasal, e.g. in the living room

7. Weeks 13 & 14 Elision & Assimilation/-s Elaborated
Assimilation (of place of articulation)
Prominent contexts:
If followed by bilabial sounds, alveolar sounds /d/, /t/ and /n/ can become bilabials, e.g. ten pigs (/n/ will become bilabial /p/); that ball (/t/ becomes /b/; cold miner (/d/ becomes /m/)

8. Weeks 13 & 14 Elision & Assimilation/-s Elaborated
Assimilation (of place of articulation)
Prominent contexts:
If followed by velar sounds /k and /g/, alveolar /t/ and /d/ can become velars themselves, e.g. that car (/t/ becomes /k/); good girl (/d/ becomes /g/)

9. Weeks 13 & 14 Elision & Assimilation/-s Elaborated
Assimilation (of place of articulation)
Prominent contexts:
If followed by palatal /j/, alveolar /s/ and /z/ become /ʃ/ and /ʒ/, e.g. this yellow skirt (/s/ becomes /ʃ/); does university possess that (/z/ becomes /ʒ/)

10. Weeks 13 & 14 Elision & Assimilation/-s Elaborated
Assimilation (of place of articulation)
Prominent contexts:
If followed by palatal /j/, alveolar /t/ and /d/ become palato-alveolar /tʃ/ and /dʒ/, e.g. put your bag here (/t/ becomes /tʃ/); could you do that (/d/ becomes /dʒ/)

11. Weeks 13 & 14 Elision & Assimilation/-s Elaborated
Assimilation (direction of alteration)
We can differentiate between:
progressive & regressive assimilation
If the first sound of the two neighbours affects the second sound, the process is progressive, e.g. book+s (ending is pronounced as /s/ since /k/ is voiceless)

12. Weeks 13 & 14 Elision & Assimilation/-s Elaborated
Assimilation (direction of alteration)
We can differentiate between:
progressive & regressive assimilation
If the second sound of the two neighbours affects the first sound, the process is regressive, e.g. good boy (alveolar /d/ becomes bilabial /b/, under the influence of the neighbor /b/)