1. Carbohydrates - Sugar

2. Sugar (Monosaccharide, Disaccharide)
-Includes simple sugars (monosaccharides) such as:
Glucose Fructose
-Includes more complex sugars such as disaccharides:
Lactose Sucrose
These sugars are easier to digest than polysaccharides

3. Sugar Varieties Granulated Sugar Caster Sugar Icing Sugar Brown Sugar
General uses –add to tea and breakfast cereal
Caster Sugar
Finer crystals - used for baking - especially cakes
Icing Sugar
Fine white and powdery
Used for icing
Brown Sugar
Demerara – strong flavour
Used in gingerbread

4. Uses of sugar
Jam - sugar acts as a preservative, gives texture and volume and helps jam set
Creamed Mixtures – (baking cakes) sugar is beaten with fat to incorporate air, which helps lighten cakes
Bread - sugar speeds up fermentation
Cakes/ Sweets - Adds sweetness and colour

5. Carbohydrate - Starch Starch complex sugar
Broken down by digestion before energy can be used
Carbohydrate is a good source of energy . But energy that is not used is stored as fat.
It is often Carbohydrates - cakes, biscuits and crisps that can make people put on weight

6. Starches properties
Gelling agent 1.Starch granules absorb the liquid and swell 2.At 80 Degrees C the starch particles break open making mixture thick and viscous 3. This is GELATINISATION 4. Gelatinisation is complete when liquid reaches 100 Degrees C 5. On cooling the gel solidifies

7. MODIFIED STARCHES Pre- Gelatinised Starch
Some modified starches are pre-gelatinised.
This allows them them to thicken instantly.
E.g. Packet custard/ Pot noodle
Synerisis
When a protein is heated it can coagulate and squeeze out the fat and the water.
This is called SYNERISIS
This is useful in dishes that are
cooked from frozen E.g. Lasagne

8. MODIFIED STARCHES Pre- Gelatinised Starch
Some modified starches are pre-gelatinised.
This allows them them to thicken instantly.
E.g. Packet custard/ Pot noodle
Synerisis
When a protein is heated it can coagulate and squeeze out the fat and the water.
This is called SYNERISIS
This is useful in dishes that are
cooked from frozen E.g. Lasagne