1. Polysaccharides

2. Polysaccharides Polysaccharides are polymers of D-glucose
Important polysaccharides are:
Starch (Amylose and Amylopectin)
Glycogen
Cellulose
Chitin
D-Glucose

3. Starch
Insoluble store of glucose in plants formed from two glucose polymers: (Amylose, Amylopectin)

4. Starch (Amylose, Amylopectin)
Amylose is a continuous chain of glucose molecules linked by -1,4 glycosidic bonds.
Amylopectin is a branched chain of glucose molecules linked by -1,4- and -1,6-glycosidic bonds.

5. Starch Amylose Amylopectin -glucose 1,4 glycosidic bonds
Spiral structure
Amylopectin
-glucose
1,4 and some 1,6 glycosidic bonds
Branched structure

6. Structures of Amylose and Amylopectin

7. Glycogen Glycogen is similar to amylopectin, but more highly branched.
Insoluble compact store of glucose in animals
-glucose units
1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
Branched structure

8. Starches Glycogen
more branching

9. Starch/Glycogen

10. Cellulose Structural polysaccharide in plants
-glucose with -1,4 glycosidic bonds

11. Cellulose

12. Cellulose

13. Cellulose Cellulose is a Structural polysaccharide
Cellulose is a polymer of glucose molecules linked by -1,4 glycosidic bonds.
Enzymes in saliva (e.g. salivary amylase) can hydrolyze -1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch, but not -1,4 glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

14. Cellulose Most organisms cannot digest (hydrolyze) cellulose
Organisms that can digest cellulose include the microorganisms living the gastrointestinal tract of many organisms typified especially by cows and termites and many fungi (i.e., the things that “eat” the wood of fallen trees)

15. Chitin Chitin is another example of a structural carbohydrate.
Chitin is found in the exoskeletons of insects and spiders.
Chitin is also found in the cell walls of fungi.
Chitin is leathery in pure form but is hardened in most uses via the deposition of calcium carbonate.

16. Chitin

17. Chitin

18. Some Familiar and Important Complex Carbohydrates

19. (a) The Polymer Amylose is a Major Component of Starch and is made Up of Alpha-D-Glucose Monomers.
(b) The Polymer Cellulose, which Consists of Beta-D-Glucose Monomers

20. Amylose
Polymer with α-1,4 bonds
α-1,4 bonds

21. Amylopectin α-1,6 bond Polymer with α-1,4 and α-1,6 bonds branches

22. Cellulose
Polymer with ß-1,4 bonds
ß-1,4 bonds