1. Organic Compounds
Organic compounds can be formed by living material and also in the lab.

2. Carbon
Compounds found in organisms consist mainly of CARBON atoms that are joined together and arranged in chains or rings.

4. Carbon’s electrons
Carbon has 4 electrons in it’s outermost energy level
It can make 4 covalent bonds with other Carbon atoms or other elements.
Carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds

6. Monomers Carbon atoms bond to form simple molecules called monomers
Monomers join to form complex molecules called polymers
Polymers are chains of similar monomers linked together

8. Condensation Reaction (Dehydration Synthesis)
Monomers link to form polymers through a chemical reaction called condensation reaction or dehydration synthesis.
Monomers join by releasing water
Polymers are broken down by hydrolysis

10. Carbohydrates Made of – C, H, O Monomer – Monosaccharide
Polymer – Polysaccharides such as:
Starches and Cellulose
Tests :
Monomers (Glucose)– Bennedict’s with heat turns orange
Polymer (Starch) – Lugols (iodine) turns dark blue
Uses - Energy

11. Proteins Made of – C, H, O, N Monomer – Amino acid
Polymer – Polypeptide
Tests : Biuret’s – Turns purple
Uses – Enzymes, Structural, Defense, Receptors

12. Lipids Made of – C, H, O, Monomer – Fatty acid Polymer – Lipid
Tests : Brown paper bag – grease spots
Uses – Insulation and cellular membranes

13. Nucleic Acids Made of – C, H, O, N, P Monomer – Nucleotide
Polymer – DNA and RNA
Tests : None
Uses – Carries genetic information