1. Chemistry Chapter 1
Matter and Change

2. Chemistry is…
…the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes
C2H5OH O2  2 CO2 + 3 H2O + Energy
Reactants  Products

3. Phase Differences
Solid – definite volume and shape; particles packed in fixed positions.
Liquid – definite volume but indefinite shape; particles close together but not in fixed positions
Gas – neither definite volume nor definite shape; particles are at great distances from one another

4. Three Phases

5. Copper Phases - Solid

6. Copper Phases - Liquid

7. Copper Phases – Vapor (gas)

8. Liquid
Melting
Freezing
Vaporization
condensation
sublimation
Solid
Gas
deposition

9. Physical Property Is tested without changing the substance
Physical properties of the left test tube are:
Clear color of solution
B ) boiling point of 60˚C
c) Physical state-liquid
d) The volume of 25 mL
e) The mass of 2.5 g
f) The density of 0.1 g/mL

10. Chemical Property Ability to form new substances Reactivity
Formed are hydrogen
Gas and a salt
Flammability-
New substances formed are
Carbon dioxide and water

11. Physical Change
A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance.
Phase Changes
(to melt)
Dissolving
In water
Tearing of paper

12. Chemical Change
A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances.
Different chemical compounds are ignited in fireworks.
Burning is also an
example

13. Classification of Matter

14. Pure substances Cannot be separated by physical means
Always have the same composition
Subdivided into elements and compounds
Copper Cu
Sulfur
(S)
Carbon
(C)
Table Salt
NaCl
Potassium (K)

15. Elements •Fundamental substances
•Cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means
•Contain only one kind of atom

16. Period
The Periodic Table
Group or Family
Group or family
Period

17. New IUPAC naming system with numbers
Old IUPAC naming system with Roman numerals

18. Compound A substance that is made from the atoms of two or
more elements that are chemically bonded.
Sucrose – C12H22O11
Sucrose is also known as table sugar, and is used to make Gummy Bears!

19. Homogenous mixture
Same throughout
No phase boundaries

20. Heterogeneous mixture
Not same throughout
Has phase boundaries
Particles large enough to see
Liquid in liquid
Gas in solid
Liquid in gas
Gas in liquid

21. Physical separation techniques for mixtures:
A) Filtration
B) Evaporation
C) Crystallization
D) Distillation
E) Chromatography

22. Separation of a mixture- filtration
separation of a solid residue from a liquid using a funnel

23. Separation of a Mixture
Two solid residues of ink are separated using
Paper chromatography

24. Separation of a Mixture
Two liquids are separated by distillation- a way to
Separate a mixture by taking advantage of different
Boiling points

25. Crystallization
Separation of a solid residue from a volatile liquid

26. Separation of a Compound The Electrolysis of water
Compounds are separated by chemical means.
With the application of electricity, water can be separated into its elements
Reactant  Products
Water  Hydrogen + Oxygen
H2O  H O2

27. Properties of Metals
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Metals are malleable
Metals are ductile
Metals have high tensile strength
Metals have luster

28. Examples of Metals
Potassium, K reacts with water and must be stored in kerosene
Copper, Cu, is a relatively soft metal, and a very good electrical conductor.
Zinc, Zn, is more stable than potassium
Mercury, Hg, is the only metal that exists as a liquid at room temperature

29. Properties of Nonmetals
Carbon, the graphite in “pencil lead” is a great example of a nonmetallic element.
Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and
electricity
Nonmetals tend to be brittle
Many nonmetals are gases at room temperature

30. Examples of Nonmetals
Microspheres of phosphorus, P, a reactive nonmetal
Sulfur, S, was once known as “brimstone”
Graphite is not the only pure form of carbon, C. Diamond is also carbon; the color comes from impurities caught within the crystal structure

31. Properties of Metalloids
Metalloids straddle the border between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table.
They have properties of both metals and nonmetals.
Metalloids are more brittle than metals, less brittle than most nonmetallic solids
Metalloids are semiconductors of electricity
Some metalloids possess metallic luster

32. Silicon, Si – A Metalloid
Silicon has metallic luster
Silicon is brittle like a nonmetal
Silicon is a semiconductor of electricity
Other metalloids include:
Boron, B
Germanium, Ge
Arsenic, As
Antimony, Sb
Tellurium, Te