Chemistry The Four States of Matter

Chemistry The Four States of Matter
Matter can be defined as anything that takes up space, has mass, and has inertia. Chemistry is the study of matter and its interactions. This is an introduction to the most basic categories of matter. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Chumbler - Properties of Matter
What is matter? Any substance that has mass and takes up space. Brian Pop Video Chumbler - Properties of Matter

The Four States of Matter Four States Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
The most basic classification scheme of matter is based on the states of solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Of these the least discussed in most texts is plasma even though it is the most abundant of all states. 99% of all matter in the universe is plasma. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

States of Matter The Four States of Matter
Basis of Classification of the Four Types particle arrangement energy of particles distance between particles The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

States of Matter Solids Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Particles move slowly. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Solids Particle Movement Examples
States of Matter Solids Particle Movement Examples Chumbler - Properties of Matter

States of Matter Liquids Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another. Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Take shape of container. Ex. Juice in glass Particles move more quickly. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Liquids Particle Movement Examples
States of Matter Liquids Particle Movement Examples Chumbler - Properties of Matter

States of Matter Gases Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely. Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Particles move very fast. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Gases Particle Movement Examples
States of Matter Gases Particle Movement Examples Particles of a gas move randomly and must be contained from all surfaces. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

States of Matter Plasma A plasma is an ionized gas. A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. Plasma, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Give off energy. In a plasma the electrons have been stripped away from the central nucleus. Therefore, a plasma consists of a sea of ions and electrons and is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. Electrons are separated from their respective nucleus when enough heat is applied. In a controlled thermonuclear fusion research, plasmas are heated to over 100 million degrees. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

States of Matter Plasma Particles The negatively charged electrons (yellow) are freely streaming through the positively charged ions (blue). The negatively charged electrons (yellow) are freely streaming through the positively charged ions (blue). Chumbler - Properties of Matter

States of Matter Plasma Examples Plasma can be found in stars, fluorescent light bulbs, Cathode Ray Tubes, neon signs, and lightening. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

States of Matter Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Solids Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume because the particles are locked into place Solids are not easily compressible because there is little free space between particles Solids do not flow easily because the particles cannot move/slide past one another Chumbler - Properties of Matter

States of Matter Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Liquids Liquids have an indefinite shape because the particles can slide past one another. Liquids are not easily compressible and have a definite volume because there is little free space between particles. Liquids flow easily because the particles can move/slide past one another. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

States of Matter Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Gases Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume because the particles can move past one another. Gases are easily compressible because there is a great deal of free space between particles. Gases flow very easily because the particles randomly move past one another. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

States of Matter Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Plasmas Plasmas have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume because the particles can move past one another. Plasmas are easily compressible because there is a great deal of free space between particles. Plasmas are good conductors of electricity and are affected by magnetic fields because they are composed of ions (negatively charged electrons and positively charged nuclei). In a plasma the electrons have been stripped away from the central nucleus. Therefore, a plasma consists of a sea of ions and electrons and is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. Electrons are separated from their respective nucleus when enough heat is applied. In a controlled thermonuclear fusion research, plasmas are heated to over 100 million degrees. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

States of Matter The Four States of Matter
The Classification and Properties of Matter Depend Upon Microscopic Structure Particle arrangement Particle energy Particle to particle distance The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

States of Matter Video Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Phase Changes When one phase changes to another. Particles must change their kinetic energy, how fast they are moving. You can do this by adding or taking away heat. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Phase Changes solid liquid = melting liquid solid = freezing liquid gas = evaporation gas liquid = condensation solid gas = sublimation Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Kinetic Theory of Matter
The atoms and molecules that make up matter are in constant motion, and that motion changes as the temperature changes. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Temperature During a phase change the temperature of a substance stays the same. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Physical Properties of Matter
Any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Examples of Physical Properties
Viscosity-resistance to flow Conductivity-ability to allow heat to flow Malleability-ability of solid to be hammared without shattering Hardness-scratch test Melting and boiling points-temp. from solid to liquid Density-ratio of mass to volume Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Video showing difference between physical and chemical properties. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Separate Mixtures Filtration-process that separates materials based on the size of particles Distillation-process that separates the substances in a solution based on boiling points. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Chemical Changes When substances react with each other and form one or more new substances. Tree leaves change color Wood burning Baking a cake Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Chemical Properties Flammability-ability to burn in presence of oxygen Reactivity-how readily a substance combines with other substances. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Evidence of Chemical Change
Change in color Production of gas Formation of a precipitate-any solid that forms and separates from a liquid mixture. Cottage cheese Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Chemistry The Four States of Matter

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