1. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH Article I, Section 1 – “All legislative powers shall be vested in a Congress…”

2. UNIT 2 – FEDERALISM / LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
Legislative Branch and Federalism
Amendment Process, Relationship b/w Congress/States (Delegated vs. Reserved Powers)
Organization of Congress
Profiles of Congress, Qualifications, Characteristics, Powers, Leadership
Powers of Congress
Expressed, Implied, Inherent Powers & Powers Denied
Process of a bill becoming law – Similarities/Differences b/w House and Senate

3. Legislative Branch
Federalism – The distribution of _____________ between the central government (Congress) and several regional, local governments (50 states).
_____________ Powers – powers given to the national government by the ______________________.
Expressed
Implied
Inherent
Reserved Powers – powers not ____________ to the national government by the _____________________ are left to the __________

5. FORMAL AMENDMENT PROCESS
FORMAL AMENDMENT PROCESS **Changing the Constitution is a different process than making a bill into law**
Step #1 - PROPOSED BY EITHER ________
Step # 2 –_______ VOTE FROM EACH HOUSE TO PASS
Step #3 - MAJORITY VOTE IN ¾ OF ________ __________ (38 / 50)
Step #4 - AMENDMENT IS ___________
The amendment process is a great example of which principle of the Constitution? _____________________
Why did the framers of the C. feel it was important to give states the right to RATIFY amendments to the C.?

6. FORMAL AMENDMENTS The Bill of Rights Why are the Bill of Rights ‘additions’ to the Constitution?1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10.

7. FORMAL AMENDMENTS 1 – 10 – The Bill of Rights
20 – 22 FDR AMENDMENTS
20 – Inauguration Date Change
21 -
22 –
23 – 26 CIVIL RIGHTS/VIETNAM
23 – Wash. D.C. 3 Electoral Votes
24 –
25 - Pres. Succession
26 – All citizens 18 & over vote
27 – Congressional Pay
28?
11 – Federal cases in State Courts
12 – Electoral College – Process in choosing Prez.
13 – 15 CIVIL WAR 13
14 - Citizenship/Equality under law regardless of race, ethnicity, previous servitude 15
16 – 19 PROGRESSIVE ERA
16 –
17 – Direct Election of U.S. Senators
18 -
19 -

8. 112TH / 113th CONGRESS RECENTLY PROPOSED AMENDMENTS
Repeal of the following amendments:
Amendment 16 – Federal Income Tax / Amendment 22 – Pres. Term Limits
Addition to Amendment 26 – Right to register to vote ON Election Day
Right to health care of equal and high quality
Right to public education of equal and high value
ARNOLD AMENDMENT – Removal of qualification of President having to be natural born citizen
CONGRESSIONAL TERM LIMITS – Create term limits for members of Congress
REGULATE CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS – Federal elections / state elections / corporations / disclosure of contributions
EVERY VOTE COUNTS – ABOLISH EC – Popular vote for President
DESECRATION IN BURNING US FLAG – Take away the right to burn the American flag
DEFINITION OF MARRIAGE – define marriage as between one man and one woman

9. “Following the crowd at chow time”
INFORMAL AMENDMENTS Changes / Additions to the Constitution that are NOT ____________
“Following the crowd at chow time”
Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause) ARTICLE 1, SECTION 8, CLAUSE 18
Informal Amendments in Congress are also known as____________ powers
Current conflicts between Congress & States because of the Elastic Clause: 1. 2. 3.

10. FORMAL & INFORMAL AMENDMENTS
What is the connection between formal/informal amendments and the relationship between Congress & “The States”
Why did the Framers of the Constitution set it up this way? (“method to their madness”)?

11. INFORMAL AMENDMENTS IN OTHER BRANCHES “Following the crowd at chow time”
COURT DECISIONS
Judicial _______
Ex – Marbury v. Madison
EXECUTIVE POWERS
Executive Action –
ex – War Powers Act / Police Actions
Executive Order –
ex – Little Rock Nine (Eisenhower) / Immigration (Obama)
TRADITION / CUSTOM
Presidential Cabinet – GW – 3 / TODAY – 15!!!!
Political Party Activity –

12. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH Article I, Section 1 – “All legislative powers shall be vested in a Congress…”

13. NEW MEMBERS OF THE 114TH UNITED STATES CONGRESS

14. “The Average Congressperson”
Republican
Male
White
58 years old
College educated
Worked in public service
Christian (Protestant)
In office for 9 years

15. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH “The voice of the people”
What conclusion(s) can you draw about the profiles of the 114th Congress?
What meaning(s) can you find for yourself through analyzing the profiles of the 114th Congress?
What do you feel is the significance in studying the profiles of an elected U.S. Congress?
How do you feel about the profiles of the 114th Congress?
How do you feel the profile of the 134th Congress will be similar of different to the 114th?

16. THE BETTMANN ARCHIVE/Corbis
Elkanah Tinsdale's 1812 cartoon depicts the salamander like shape of the electoral district created by Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry to gain political advantage for his party. The term gerrymandering has since referred to efforts by politicians to affect electoral outcomes by manipulating the boundaries of legislative districts.
THE BETTMANN ARCHIVE/Corbis

17. GERRYMANDERING?