1. WELCOME to FRIDAY, BIO-NINJAS
Have your Notecards and Homework out and ready.
Bellwork for today: Which alien do you agree with the most? Explain your reason.
Alien 1: I learned in second grade that organisms are classified based on where they live.
Alien 2: I disagree. Organisms are classified based on their physical appearance and internal structure.
Alien 3: I disagree. Organisms are classified by how they move. Trees are in Kingdom Plantae because they don’t move.
Alien 4: I agree, mostly. I think how they move is important because animals move and plants don’t. But there must be more to classification, because humans are not animals.

2. You had homework last night…
*Yes…you can expect a quiz.

3. Journals
Page:_____
Title: Taxonomy
Essential Question: Why is Taxonomy important and helpful to scientists?

4. Classification = grouping based on similarities.

5. In Biology:
Taxonomy = the process of classifying and naming biological (living) organisms. .

6. EVOLUTIONARY CLASSIFICATION
Based on:
Phylogeny: evolutionary history
Evolutionary descent-(common ancestor)
Anatomical Homologous structures
Molecular Homologies (DNA, RNA, amino acid sequence)
Biogeography (related based on similar locations)
Embryo development

7. Carolus Linnaeus: Developed an eight level hierarchical system of classification.

8. Linnaeus’s classification levels, from most general (broadest) to most specific
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Most BROAD/General TAXON
Genus and species are the two names used to identify specific organisms in the binomial system of classification. Division is used for plants.
Most Specific Taxon
Each level is a called a taxon. Multiple levels are taxa.

9. Darling Katy Perry Came Over For Good Soup!
This phrase will help you remember the order 

10. Taxonomy *Need to know*…
WAY MORE SPECIFIC BRANCHES
Taxonomy *Need to know*…
MORE INCLUSIVE (INCLUDES MORE STUFF)

11. Taxonomy *Need to Know*…
ORAGNISMS MORE CLOSELY RELATED
ORGANISMS BECOME LESS RELATED

12. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Organism Cat Wolf Fly
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Arthropoda
Class
Mammalia
Insecta
Order
Carnivora
Diptera
Family
Felidae
Canidae
Muscidae
Genus
Felis
Canis
Musca
Species
F. domesticus
C. lupus
M. domestica
Which two organisms are the most closely related?
Where does the relationship between these two stop?

13. Taxonomy Need to Know…
If an organism is in one Taxon, then it is automatically included in any taxa above it!
But not necessarily included in the taxa below it

14. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Organism Cat Wolf Fly
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Arthropoda
Class
Mammalia
Insecta
Order
Carnivora
Diptera
Family
Felidae
Canidae
Muscidae
Genus
Felis
Canis
Musca
Species
F. domesticus
C. lupus
M. domestica
The Cat and Wolf are in the same ______________ but different _______________.
The Wolf and the Fly are in the same ___________ but different_______________.

16. Let’s look at some animals 

17. Devil Cat

18. Ghost Cat

19. Mountain Lion

20. Screaming Cat

21. Puma

22. Florida Panther

23. Cougar

24. There are at least 50 common names for
the animal shown on the previous 7 slides.
Common names vary according to region.
How could we fix this problem?

25. Carolus Linnaeus 1707 – 1778
binomial nomenclature, a two-word naming system
(Genus and Species)
the genus name is written first and is always Capitalized.    
the species name is written second (never capitalized)

26. Binomial Nomenclature
a two name system for writing scientific names.
   
Which is the genus of this organism?
The species?
Turdus migratorius

27. Why use this system?
To identify organisms accurately & uniformly (same way everywhere)
Latin or Greek is used for all scientific names
Prevents misnomers by using a universal naming system
*(a starfish and jellyfish aren't really fish at all)

28. Taxonomy Need to Know…
The scientific name of ANY organism will ALWAYS be made up of its Genus and Species!

29. Binomial Nomenclature
Which TWO are more closely related?
copyright cmassengale

31. Domain is the Broadest, most inclusive taxon There are Three Domains:
Remember:
Domain is the Broadest, most inclusive taxon
There are Three Domains:
Archaea (unicellular prokaryotes)
Bacteria (unicellular prokaryotes)
Eukarya (eukaryotes)
*all life on the planet falls into one of these three broad domains

32. From the three domains branch the six kingdoms. 1. Eubacteria 2
From the three domains branch the six kingdoms. 1. Eubacteria 2. Archaebacteria 3. Protista 4. Fungi 5. Plantae 6. Animalia

33. Activity:
You have 3 minutes to complete the half sheet.

34. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Organism Cat Wolf Fly
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Arthropoda
Class
Mammalia
Insecta
Order
Carnivora
Diptera
Family
Felidae
Canidae
Muscidae
Genus
Felis
Canis
Musca
Species
F. domesticus
C. lupus
M. domestica
Have students study this chart. The next slide lists three questions to answer using this chart. You may have to advance to the next slide, let students read the question and then come back to the chart so they can find the answer.
What type of animal is Musca domestica?
From the table, which 2 animals are most closely related?
3. At what classification level does the evolutionary relationship between cats and wolves diverge (become different)?

35. Yellow Card Examine your yellow cards closely Teacher led questions
Student led questions.

36. Museum of Natural History: 33 million things

37. Walking Review (Friday)

39. What is the scientific name for the Canada goose?
Explain which two organisms are the most closely related.
Which taxa do the human and goose have in common?

41. At which taxon do the lion and lynx diverge?
Which kingdom does C. comatus belong to?
Which taxa do the lion and lynx have in common?
What is the scientific name for the lion?

42. 11. Describe 2 conclusions that can be made from this information.
African Buffalo
Burchell’s Zebra
Grant’s Gazelle
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Synceruscaffer
Perissodactyla
Equidae
Equusburchellii
Nangergranti
11. Describe 2 conclusions that can be made from this information.

43. The information below describes the most specific levels of classification that the mushroom sea squirt, Sycozoa gaimardi, shares with four other organisms.
12. To which of the four organisms is the mushroom sea squirt most closely related?
The mushroom sea squirt is in the same class as the common sea grape.
The mushroom sea squirt is in the same family as the blue spot ascidian.
The mushroom sea squirt is in the same order as the white speck tunicate.
The mushroom sea squirt is in the same phylum as the starry skate.

44. 13. Which of the beetles above must belong to the same family?

45. Whales Most Closely Related
14. Four students researched the classifications of the following eight whales: killer whale, Orcinus orca gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae pygmy right whale, Caperea marginata fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus The students were asked which two whales are most closely related and why. The table below summarizes the students’ answers. Based on the classifications, which student gave the correct answer to the question?
Student
Whales Most Closely Related
Reason 1
killer whale and gray whale
They are both mammals. 2
humpback whale and pygmy right whale
They are both whales. 3
fin whale and minke whale
They are both in the same genus. 4
North Atlantic right whale and bowhead whale
They are both in the same family.

46. 15. Which two organisms are most closely related?
California Sea Lion
Galápagos Sea Lion
New Zealand Sea Lion
Kingdom
Animalia
 Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
 Chordata
Class
Mammalia
 Mammalia
Order
Carnivora
 Carnivora
Family
Otariidae
 Otariidae
Genus
Zalophus
Phocarctos
Species
californianus
wollebaeki
 hookeri
15. Which two organisms are most closely related?
16. Which taxa do all three organisms share?

47. The Ursidae family of animals includes the giant panda, the brown bear, the polar bear, and the spectacled bear. Which of the following characteristics best helps classify these bears into genus and species levels?
  A.eating habits
  B.gene sequences
  C.method of reproduction
  D.location of natural habitat

48. Scientists compared the DNA sequence of a gene in four mammals
Scientists compared the DNA sequence of a gene in four mammals. A portion of the gene’s DNA sequence in each mammal is shown below.
18. Based on the sequence data, which of the mammals are most closely related to each other?
Mammal
DNA Sequence 1
TCTCAACTACAA 2
TCTCAGCTGCAA 3
ACTCAGCTACAA 4
TCTCAGCTGCAG

49. 18. Identify the organism pictured below

50. 19. Identify the organism pictured below

51. 20. Identify the organism pictured below

52. Alyssa Dolny