1. POLICY CYCLE , MODELS OF POLICY MAKING , DISINVESTMENT POLICY
PUBLIC POLICY
POLICY CYCLE
, MODELS OF POLICY MAKING , DISINVESTMENT POLICY

2. SOME INTERESTING QUOTES
What made you choose this career is what made me go into politics – a chance to serve , to make a difference. It is not just a job. It is a vocation.
Tony Blair

3. We know that government can’t solve all our problems – and we don’t want it to. But we also know that there are some things we can’t do on our own. We know that there some things we do better together.
Barack Obama

4. A good plan is like a road map : it shows the final destination and usually the best way to go there.
Stanley Judd – communication consultant

5. The disease which inflicts bureaucracy and what they usually die from is routine.
John S Mill
If you chase two rabbits, both will escape.
Chinese proverb

6. However good our future research may be , we shall never able to escape from the ultimate dilemma that all our knowledge is about the past , and all our decisions are about the future.
Ian Wilson
Strategy consultant.

7. Reform is always a work in progress
Reform is always a work in progress. Since the world is a dynamic place and conditions change over time , there is no guarantee that
a strategy that works today will work equally well tomorrow.
U.S.Dept of Education.

8. Basics of public policy.
Emerging as an independent science and an academic discipline.
1951 – Harold Lasswell and Daniel Lerner – Policy science
It considered policy analysis as a responsibility of social scientists
Findings and methods to be made available to the policy makers.
Public policy dominated by Pol. Science and Pub. Administration. Focused on content and the process of implementation.

9. 1960 – content of public policy became a matter of research rather than processes.
1970 – public administrators seceded from pol. Sc.
1980 – professionalization of social sciences provided a clear public policy orientation to the study of pub.ad. And pol sc.

10. What has still remained unexplored is the linkages between important institutional arrangements and the content of public policy.

11. Why policy making is still a challenge?
Scope and size of public domain.
Why governments are reluctant to opt for making rigorous policies? What prevents them from doing so?
Why and How publicness in policies is shrinking day by day?
Has globalization affected the public and private dimensions of policy?

12. State intervention in public policy has moved from trivial to vital.
State – a promoter of collective happiness ,
Principal innovator , major determinist of social and economic programs.
Main financier and catalyst.
Change in the idea of people.
Right-based approach to policy making.

13. Policy Cycle Facilitates policy analysis and makes it easier.
Rational approach to policy making
helps to adopt corrective measures at the right stage.
Application of cost-benefit analysis.
With drawls and reforms are possible. no need to review the entire policy.

14. Policy cycle Policy problem alternatives evaluation choice
implementation
monitoring
Policy outcomes
Policy evaluation
Problem structuring

15. 1 – policy problem : involves moving from mundane descriptions to more abstract and conceptual understanding. Dilemmas faced in India.
2 – determination of alternatives: involves evaluation of pros and cons of each alternative. a) forecasting consequences and evaluating them in a scientific manner is a difficult task hence the need of a relevant model of policy making. Search of a new model.

16. 4) selection of best alternative – element of uncertainty.
enhancement of capability to forecast accurately.
5)Policy implementation: critically important stage.
loosing sight, drifting away from policy goals.
What makes policy implementation effective?

17. A) freedom and autonomy.
B) power to ward off political pressure
C) professional skills
D)adequate resources and people’s participation

18. 6) policy monitoring : how does it contribute to policy analysis?
What needs to be avoided?
short cuts
shortage of corrective actions.

19. 7) Policy outcomes: difference between policy outputs and policy outcomes.
8) Policy evaluation : measuring the worth of policy. Difference it makes to the targeted group.
Criteria for evaluation?
Effectiveness , efficiency , adequacy , equity ,responsiveness , appropriateness

20. 9) problem structure : policy evaluation with a different perspective
9) problem structure : policy evaluation with a different perspective. Overall assessment and identification of the problem.
What are the alternatives to public policy?
Does it bring greater transparency , accountability and economy in governance?
Who should generate policy issues?

21. Models of policy making and analysis
1 – Systems model of policy analysis.
2 – Institutional approach to policy making.
3 – Comprehensive Rational model .
4 – Incremental approach.
5 – Mixed scanning approach.

22. Policy making in India Disinvestment policy. Agriculture policy.
Reservation policy.
National security policy.
Policy deficit – policy making must move from ad hocism to maturity , stability and dynamism.
Issues of human rights , human security and
Social interconnectedness , identity politics.