1. Introduction to Computing
Dr. Nadeem A Khan

2. Lecture 2

3. What is Computer?

4. A Computer:
Device that accepts input, process and stores data, and gives output
Device that can execute specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner

5. Computer System Basics
Computer Hardware
Electric, electronic, and mechanical devices
Computer Software
Programs and data in electronic form on a storage medium
Program- Sequence of Instructions

6. Computer Hardware

7. Computer Hardware
Input
Processor & Memory
Storage
Output

8. Input Devices Mouse Keyboard Joystick Trackball Light pen Tablet
Camera
Microphone

9. Output Devices Printer - laser, inkjet, dotmatrix, thermal
Plotter - flatbed, drum
Speakers
Monitor - CRT, LCD, projector

10. Modem?

11. (Secondary) Storage
Punch cards
Hard disk
Floppy CD
DVD

12. Peripheral Devices?

13. Processor/CPU Pentium 8086 Celeron SPARC Alpha etc
What are Control Unit and ALU?

14. Memory (Primary Storage)
RAM
ROM
EPROM
etc.
Virtual Memory?

15. Bits & Bytes Bit - a binary digit
Byte - a binary word consisting of 8 bits
kB bytes
MB kB
GB MB
TB GB

16. Ports
Parallell
Serial
etc.

17. Figure

18. The Bus?

19. Monitor System Bus HD Printer Integer Unit Control Unit CD
Mouse
Integer
Unit
Control
Unit
Keyboard CD
Floating Point
Unit
System Bus
Cache HD
Processor
Mem
Bus
RAM/ROM
Printer
Monitor

20. Computer Software Multiple user license Concurrent use license
Licensed and Free Software
Single user license
 Multiple user license
 Concurrent use license
 Site license
 Public domain software
 Shareware

21. Computer Software: System Software: Application Software:
Controls the computer
Performs the basic operating tasks
Application Software:
Help user to accomplish a specific task

22. Application Software
System Software
Hardware

23. System Software Operating systems
Works as coordinator between hardware and user software Example: Opening a word document, screen display, print, and save. 
Allocates system resources (CPU, peripherals) Examples: use of key board, mouse, playing music, displaying on monitor

24. System Software Contd. Utility Software
Utility Software
Software that augment the system software
Example: preparing disks to store data

25. System Software Contd. Device Drivers
The system software that helps computer control a peripheral device. Usually supplied by the vendor of the computer device
Example: DD for mouse, DD for Laser printer

26. System Software Contd. Programming Languages
Tools to create the Application Software

27. Application Software Contd.
Productivity software
Software which enhance the productivity

28. Application Software Contd.
Business software
Help org. to efficiently do routine tasks
Horizontal Market business software
Vertical Market business software

29. Application Software Contd.
Entertainment software
Educational software

30. Computer Networks:
A collection of computers and other devices that communicate with each other to share data, hardware and software

31. Computer Networks (contd.)
Local Area Networks (LAN): Network that is located within a relatively limited area (a building or campus)
Wide Area Networks (WAN): Network that covers a large geographical area

32. A Computer Network Workstation Network Server Network Printer
Local workstation

33. Internet
Is a collection of local, regional, and national computer networks that are linked together to exchange data and distribute computing tasks
World Wide Web (WWW) and Electronic Mails ( ) are among the Internet Services

34. “Computer Concepts ” Second Edition
Reading Assignment
Chapter 1-4 of the book
“Computer Concepts ” Second Edition
by Parsons Oja
You may be tested in Quizzes/Exams on
this material

35. Program Planning Analyze Design Choose the Interface Code
Test and Debug
Complete the Documentation

36. The Problem-Solving Process
Input
Processing
Output

37. Postage stamp problem:
How many stamps to put on a envelop given one stamp is needed for every five sheets of paper or a fraction thereof