1. bebí salía fui compraba He comido tomé cantaba He bebido hablé salí
Have a look at the following verbs, in a selection of tenses.
What do they all have in common?
Which ones don’t you recognise?
What do you think they might mean?
All in a past tense
bebí
salía
fui
compraba
He comido
tomé
cantaba
I have eaten
He bebido
hablé
salí
I have drunk
He hablado
comí
iba
I have spoken

2. Aim: To be able to form the perfect tense in Spanish
viernes el doce de marzo
The Perfect Tense
Aim: To be able to form the perfect tense in Spanish

3. By the end of this lesson you….
MUST be able to form regular verbs in the perfect tense
SHOULD be able to recognise the perfect tense in a text, including irregular verbs
COULD be able to form negatives in the perfect tense, including reflexive verbs

4. As in English it consists of part of the verb
The perfect tense is the exact equivalent to the English “I have seen”, “she has lost” etc.
As in English it consists of part of the verb
“to have” plus a past participle (seen, lost etc).
María ha perdido su bolsa –
María has lost her bag

5. To form the perfect tense in Spanish you need to do the following:
Find the correct form of the verb HABER for the “have” part depending on who has done the verb
Eg: “he” = I have, “has” = you (sing,inf) have
Find the infinitive of the verb that has been done
Eg: “spoken” – to speak - hablar
Turn it into a past participle by doing the following:
Take off the 2-letter ending
For –ar verbs add “-ado”
For –er and –ir verbs add “-ido”
HABER He
Has Ha
Hemos
Habéis
Han X
Eg: hablar - habl-
Eg: habl- + -ado = hablado
Eg: “eaten” – eat - comer
...com-
…comido
Eg: “lived” – to live - vivir
...viv-
…vivido

6. Now have a go at forming the following sentences in the perfect tense:
NOTE: the verb “ir” (to go) is NOT irregular in the perfect tense although it may look like it!! It follows the same rules as other verbs so don’t panic!!
I have lost (perder)
She has played (jugar)
Juanita has gone (ir)
We have given (dar)
You (sing,inf) have been (estar)
EXTENSION
They have gone out (salir) to the park
You (pl,inf) have come (venir) to see Mr Jones
I have had (tener) a fantastic day
Francisco and Alejita have visited (visitar) their parents in Australia
We have walked (andar) ten kilometres today
He perdido
Ha jugado
Juanita ha ido
Hemos dado
Has estado
EXTENSION
Han salido al parque
Habéis venido a ver Señor Jones
He tenido un día fantástico
Francisco y Alejita han visitado sus padres en Australia
Hemos andado diez kilómetros hoy

7. !!!HOWEVER!!!
Vocab sheet
There are some verbs that have irregular past participles, which you need to learn by heart:
Fill in the gaps on your vocab irregulars sheet
Abrir (to open)
Decir (to say)
Descubrir (to discover)
Escribir (to write)
Describir (to describe)
Hacer (to make/do)
Morir (to die)
Poner (to put)
Romper (to break)
Ver (to see)
Volver (to return)
abierto (opened)
dicho (said)
descubierto (discovered)
escrito (written)
describierto (described)
hecho (made/done)
muerto (died)
puesto (put)
roto (broken)
visto (seen)
vuelto (returned)

8. Identifying the Perfect Tense
Go through the text and highlight all the verbs in the perfect tense
Write underneath what each one means in English (12 in total)
Esta mañana he hecho muchas cosas. Primero, me he encontrado con mi madre en el pueblo, y hemos ido de compras. Después, he visitado a mi hermano. Ha estado enfermo, entonces le he dado unas aspirinas para que se mejore. Al mediodía he cocinado, he comido, y he limpiado la casa porque esta noche nos van a visitar mis amigos de Escocia. Me he preocupado mucho porque no he preparado mucho para la visita. Ya que mi marido ha vuelto del trabajo vamos a arreglar todo.
I have done
I have met
We have been
I have visited
He has been
I have given
I have cooked
I have eaten
I have cleaned
I have worried
I have (not) prepared
has returned

9. The 2 parts (haber + past participle) do not get separated
To make the perfect tense negative you simply add “no” in front of the “haber” part:
E.g: No he comprado (I haven’t bought)
The 2 parts (haber + past participle) do not get separated
For reflexive verbs you add your reflexive pronoun in front of the “haber” part:
E.g: Se ha despertado (He has woken up)
To make the reflexive verbs in the perfect tense negative you add “no” in front of the reflexive pronoun:
E.g: No se ha despertado (He has not woken up)

10. Now have a go at writing down 5 things you have/haven’t done today (it doesn’t have to be the truth!) – BE IMAGINATIVE!
Ejemplo: Hoy he ido al colegio, pero no he comido una pizza.
EXT: Try to include at least one reflexive action!
eg: Me he despertado

11. Plenary Match the English with the correct Spanish by colour-coding.
NOTE – there is one irregular and one reflexive: can you identify these?

12. By the end of this lesson you….
MUST be able to form regular verbs in the perfect tense
SHOULD be able to recognise the perfect tense in a text, including irregular verbs
COULD be able to form negatives in the perfect tense, including reflexive verbs