1. WAVELET VIDEO PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
BY-
M GEORGE REDDY
09D41A0406

2. What is Wavelet Analysis ?
And…what is a wavelet…?
A wavelet is a waveform of effectively limited duration that has an average value of zero.

3. Need for Compression:
Transmission and storage of uncompressed video would be extremely costly and impractical
Frame with 352x288 contains 202,752 bytes of info.
Recoding of uncompressed version of this video at 15 frames per second would require 3 MB. One minute180 MB storage. One 24-hour day262GB
Using compression, 15 frames/second for 24 hour1.4 GB, 187 days of video could be stored using the same disk space that uncompressed video would use in one day.

4. Discrete Wavelet Transform:
The wavelet transform (WT) has gained widespread acceptance in signal processing and image compression.
Because of their inherent multi-resolution nature, wavelet-coding schemes are especially suitable for applications where scalability and tolerable degradation are important
Recently the JPEG committee has released its new image coding standard, JPEG-2000, which has been based upon DWT.

5. Wavelet's properties :
Short time localized waves with zero integral value.
Possibility of time shifting.
Flexibility.

6. Compression Example:
A two dimensional (image) compression, using 2D wavelets analysis.
The image is a Fingerprint.
FBI uses a wavelet technique to compress its fingerprints database.

7. Result Original Image Compressed Image Threshold: 3.5 Zeros: 42%
Retained energy:
99.95%

8. Construction:
We can construct discrete WT via iterated (octave-band) filter banks
The analysis section is illustrated below:
Level 1
Level 2
Level J

9. Construction by ICs:

10. Visual Comparison: (a) (b) (c)
(a) Original Image256x256Pixels, 24-BitRGB (b) JPEG (DCT) Compressed with compression ratio 43:1(c) JPEG2000 (DWT) Compressed with compression ratio 43:1

11. Performance:
Peak Signal to Noise ratio used to be a measure of image quality .
The PSNR between two images having 8 bits per pixel or sample in terms of decibels (dBs) is given by:
PSNR = 10 log10
-mean square error (MSE)
Generally when PSNR is 40 dB or greater, then the original and the reconstructed images are virtually indistinguishable by human observers .

12. Implementation Complexity:
The complexity of calculating wavelet transform depends on the length of the wavelet filters, which is at least one multiplication per coefficient.
EZW, SPHIT use floating-point demands longer data length which increase the cost of computation.
Lifting schemea new method compute DWT using integer arithmetic.
DWT has been implemented in hardware such as ASIC and FPGA.

13. Advantage: Future video/image compression
Improved low bit-rate compression performance
Improved lossless and lossy compression
Improved continuous-tone and bi-level compression
Transmission in noisy environments
Robustness to bit-errors
Progressive transmission by pixel accuracy and resolution
Protective image security

14. Disadvantages:
The cost of computing DWT as compared to DCT may be higher.
The use of larger DWT basis functions or wavelet filters produces blurring and ringing noise near edge regions in images or video frames
Longer compression time
Lower quality than JPEG at low compression rates

15. Applications: Image communications and image data base
Video-surveillance systems.
High Quality videos with smaller size.
All the areas in which storage is matter of concern.
Application in denoising.

16. 2-D WT Example
Boats image
WT in 3 levels

17. WT-Application in Denoising
Boats image
Noisy image (additive Gaussian noise)

18. WT-Application in Denoising
Boats image
Denoised image using hard thresholding

19. Conclusion:
Wavelet-based coding provides substantial improvement in picture quality at low bit rates.
Interaction of harmonic analysis with data compression, joint source channel coding, image coding based on models of human perception, scalability robustness, error resilience, and complexity are a few of the many outstanding challenges in image coding to be fully resolved and may affect image data compression performance in the years to come.

20. ANY QUESTIONS???