1. What are elements & compounds?
On a full size piece of paper-
1. Write a definition for each
2. Draw a diagram of each
3. Give an example of each

2. ELEMENT Matter made out of one type of atom
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

3. COMPOUNDS 3. CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS -TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS BONDED
SYMBOLIZED BY A FORMULA
C6+H12+O6 = C6H12O6 glucose
Reactants Product
H2+O=H2O Water

4. Elements that are in life forms
Carbon –sugars, cell walls of plants
Hydrogen –fats,
Nitrogen –major element in making proteins-skin, hair, organs
Oxygen -all cells, tissues and organs
Phosphorous -our DNA/RNA

5. Elements can Change their physical appearance when creating compounds
WHEN COMPOUNDS FORM THEIR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHANGE Na, SODIUM IS A SILVER METAL, Cl, CHLORINE IS A YELLOW, GAS

6. If two substances are made of the same material…
they will exhibit the same
Physical and Chemical properties

7. Physical Properties of Matter
Color
Shiny
Boiling point
Melting point
Density
Mass

8. CHEMICAL CHANGES OF MATTER
Matter Changes to new a SUBSTANCE
Permanently altered
Often requires energy
Very difficult to reverse the process
Burning a lump of coal-gas is released, ash is left
Break bond of H2O, separate into H & O
More Examples:
Rusting Decomposition
Leaves changing color Temperature change
Fizzing /Bubbles

9. D. Physical Changes of Matter
Matter does not change into a new substance
Can be measured, does not change identity of matter
Examples:
Change in size/shape, cutting, folding
Color
Change in volume, mass, space

10. COMPOUNDS THAT CONTAIN CARBON are considered organic,
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS THAT CONTAIN CARBON are considered organic,
CO2 IS THE EXCEPTION
THERE ARE MILLIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUND COMBINATION
WHY?
Let’s find out

11. Let’s look at carbon, Each Electron is a Potential?
BOND 1. 2. 4. 3.

12. elements bonding create shape
Glucose sugar C6H12O6 in plants
Keratin protein C28H48N2O32S4 in skin,hair

13. IV. COMPOUNDS OF LIFE http://www. pbs
THERE ARE FOUR GROUPS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FOUND IN LIVING THINGS:
CARBOHYDRATES
LIPIDS
PROTEINS
NUCLEIC ACID
Serving Sizes

14. OUR BODY REQUIRES IT FOR ENERGY
WHY EAT CARBS?
OUR BODY REQUIRES IT FOR ENERGY

15. POLYMERIZATION- A Process of building molecules
BUILDING LARGE COMPOUNDS USING SMALLER COMPOUNDS
MER-MEANS PART
A SINGLE COMPOUND IS A MONOMER
Dimer two monomers
THREE OR MORE COMPOUNDS TOGETHER ARE POLYMERS
MANY POLYMERS ARE KNOWN AS MACROMOLECULES

16. 1. CARBOHYDRATES
COMPOSED OF CARBON, HYDROGEN, AND OXYGEN (1:2:1 RATIO)
C6H12O6 –GLUCOSE. Building block
SIMPLE FORM KNOWN AS MONOSACCHARIDE single sugar

17. MONOSACCHARIDES can be carbon chains as well
FRUCTOSE
GALACTOSE
GLUCOSE

18. Disaccharide 2 mono’s bonded

19. How carbohydrates help with survival
Tardigrades AKA Water Bears
Can survive extreme environments
Why? How?
Tehalose disaccharide sugar in their membranes
17 min audio

20. How do you get one monomer to bond to another one?
Remove the water!
Dehydration Synthesis

21. Large Carbohydrates Polymers
3 TYPES –
1. Glycogen
2. STARCH
3. Cellulose
Many bonded MONOMERS of glucose

22. Starch-POLYSACCHARIDES
1. STARCH: A Polysaccharide (big sugar) STORED IN PLANTS FOR ENERGY USE

23. Cellulose-polysaccharide
2. CELLULOSE: GIVE PLANTS STRENGTH & STRUCTURE
AKA Fiber!
Plant cell walls Tree Bark

24. Glycogen polysaccharide
GLYCOGEN: STORED IN MUSCLES AND LIVER OF ANIMALS
BREAKS DOWN into GLUCOSE for energy

25. GLYCOGEN IS STORED IN THE LIVER & MUSCLES for energy