1. The Crusades
Middle Ages Unit

2. Essential Question
WHAT ARE THE MAJOR CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF THE CRUSADES?

3. Warm Up
List everything you already know about the Crusades.

4. Key Vocabulary
Crusades: a series of “holy wars” that were undertaken to recapture the Holy Land

5. Knights What is “chivalry?”
It was the “knightly system” or code of conduct during the Middle Ages.
Knights devoted themselves to their Earthly Lord, Heavenly Lord, and Chosen Lady.
What class were knights from?
The Noble class.

6. Why were coats of arms used?
Because few knights could read.
It was an official stamp or signature.
What were tournaments?
Battles knights took part in them to keep in good condition.
What did knights get if they were the winner of a tournament/jousting match?
The losers horse and armor.

7. Assessment Prompt 1
In one sentence, describe what chivalry was.

8. The Crusades How did it begin?
Began in 1093 when the Byzantine Emperor wrote a letter read by Pope Urban II
The Pope then called for a “Holy War” against the Muslim Turks.
How long did it last?
Over 200 Years

9. Who fought the Crusades?
Knights
Younger sons who would not inherit property
What were Crusaders promised?
If they died on the Crusade they were assured a place in heaven.
What was their attire?
Tunics with red crosses on their chest.

10. First Crusade
Goal: To take back the Holy Land and Jerusalem
Result: Captured Jerusalem on July and a 650 mile stretch of land from Edessa (north) to Jerusalem (south).

11. Second Crusade
Goal: Retake Edessa
Edessa was recaptured by the Muslim Turks in 1144.
Result: Crusaders were defeated and shocked to find that Jerusalem had fallen to the Muslim leader Saladin.

12. Third Crusade
Goal: Recapture Jerusalem
Leader of Crusaders: King Richard The Lion Hearted of England
Result: King Richard was unable to recapture Jerusalem but he and Saladin agreed to a truce.
Muslims would keep Jerusalem but Christians were free to visit the cities holy places.

13. Fourth Crusade
Goal: Retake Jerusalem
Result: Knights did not reach Holy Land and looted Constantinople instead

14. Spanish Crusade
Reconquista
Effort to drive Muslims out of Spain
The leaders of Spain (Ferdinand and Isabella) instituted a tribunal held by the Church called The Inquisition to eliminate Heresy
Jewish and Muslim converts were questioned & tortured to see if they held beliefs different from that of the Church

15. Assessment Prompt: Cause & Effect
Causes
Effects
Crusades