1. Lecture #2 Importance of ethics and human rights
Ethics in Health Care
Lecture #2 Importance of ethics and human rights
L. Areej Jouhar Suliman
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

2. Course content Importance of Ethics and patients rights
Orientation and introduction
Plagiarism
Importance of Ethics and patients rights
Principals of health ethics
Health professionals ethics and regulations
Duties toward patients
Duties toward community
Duties toward oneself and religious ruling
Duties toward the profession
Ethics in learning and teaching
Ethics in documentation
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

3. Outline What is ethics. Why are ethics important (case studies).
Introduction to patients rights
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

4. Ethics
The study of morality, careful and systematic reflection on and analysis of moral decisions and behavior.
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

5. Why do we study ethics?
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

6. Case Study (1)
Dr. P, an experienced and skilled surgeon, is about to finish night duty at a medium-sized community hospital.
A young woman is brought to the hospital by her mother, who leaves immediately after telling the intake nurse that she has to look after her other children.
The patient is bleeding vaginally and is in a great deal of pain. Dr. P examines her and decides that she has had either a miscarriage or a self-induced abortion.
Reference: World medical association, Medical Ethics Manual, 3rd edition 2015, written by John R. Williams, Page: 7-8 
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

7. Case Study (1) Cont.
He does a quick dilatation and curettage and tells the nurse to ask the patient whether she can afford to stay in the hospital until it is safe for her to be discharged.
Dr. Q comes in to replace Dr. P, who goes home without having spoken to the patient.
Reference: World medical association, Medical Ethics Manual, 3rd edition 2015, written by John R. Williams , Page: 7-8
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

8. Case Study (2)
Dr. S is becoming increasingly frustrated with patients who come to her either before or after consulting another health practitioner for the same ailment.
She considers this to be a waste of health resources as well as counter-productive for the health of the patients.
Reference: World medical association, Medical Ethics Manual, 3rd edition 2015, written by John R. Williams, Page: 7-8 
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

9. Case Study (2) Cont.
She decides to tell these patients that she will no longer treat them if they continue to see other practitioners for the same ailment.
She intends to approach her national medical association to lobby the government to prevent this form of misallocation of healthcare resources.
Reference: World medical association, Medical Ethics Manual, 3rd edition 2015, written by John R. Williams, Page: 7-8 
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

10. Case Study (3)
Dr. C, a newly appointed resident in a city hospital, is alarmed by the behavior of the senior surgeon in the operating room.
The surgeon uses out-of-date techniques that prolong operations and result in greater post-operative pain and longer recovery times. Moreover, he makes frequent crude jokes about the patients that obviously bother the assisting nurses.
Reference: World medical association, Medical Ethics Manual, 3rd edition 2015, written by John R. Williams, Page: 7-8 
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

11. Case Study (3) Cont.
As a more junior staff member, Dr. C is reluctant to criticize the surgeon personally or to report him to higher authorities. However, he feels that he must do something to improve the situation.
Reference: World medical association, Medical Ethics Manual, 3rd edition 2015, written by John R. Williams, Page: 7-8 
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

12. Case Study (4)
Dr. R, a general practitioner in a small rural town, is approached by a contract research organization (C.R.O.) to participate in a clinical trial of a new non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drug (NSAID) for osteoarthritis.
She is offered a sum of money for each patient that she enrolls in the trial. The C.R.O. representative assures her that the trial has received all the necessary approvals, including one from an ethics review committee.
Reference: World medical association, Medical Ethics Manual, 3rd edition 2015, written by John R. Williams, Page: 7-8 
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

13. Case Study (4) Cont.
Dr. R has never participated in a trial before and is pleased to have this opportunity, especially with the extra money. She accepts without inquiring further about the scientific or ethical aspects of the trial.
Reference: World medical association, Medical Ethics Manual, 3rd edition 2015, written by John R. Williams, Page: 7-8 
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

14. Why do we study ethics
The study of ethics prepares health care students to recognize difficult situations and to deal with them in a rational and principled manner.
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

15. How do ethics guide health care practitioners (HCPs) ?
Help them to decide what to do (what is right and acceptable).
Help them to understand why they are doing it (justify decisions in moral terms).
Help them to know how they should do it (methods).
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

16. Why are ethics important in health care
Acting in an ethical manner preserve patients’ rights.
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

17. What patients’ rights are preserved by health ethics?
Autonomy.
Confidentiality.
Privacy.
Respect.
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

18. 1. Autonomy Is a basic human right to have control over own body.
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

19. 2. Confidentiality
Is the right to have personal and identifiable health related information out of reach of others.
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

20. Is the right to be left alone and out of surveillance.
3. Privacy
Is the right to be left alone and out of surveillance.
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

21. The difference between privacy and confidentiality
Privacy is concerned with the body while confidentiality is concerned with the information.
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

22. Any questions ETH 101 Ethics in Health Care
Prepared by: Dr. Fatmah Almoayad