1. Suresh G. Isave Associate Professor Tilak College of Education, Pune
Research Proposal
Suresh G. Isave
Associate Professor
Tilak College of Education, Pune

2. Introduction:
This Activity will enable teachers to identify problems in daily school interactions and solve it in a systematic way.

3. What is research ?
Research is a studious inquiry or examination especially investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theory or laws.
Merriam- Webster.com (Feb 2015)

4. What is Research?
In a scientific method, first a person clarifies her idea what she want to acquire. She reviews previous studies and combines with its own experience and defines the problems. Then she collects the data from the informants and subjects. After gathering the data she summaries and analysis it and try to come on the particular conclusion. Further she makes intervention as per the findings to prove or to change the conclusion and make the decision with proof. At the end she does documentation of the investigation that she carried out and shares/submits or publishes.

5. Educational Research
Educational Research is applied science. When the research procedure is adapted to solve the problems in education, to find out facts in education, to answer the questions in education is called educational research.

6. Action Research
The research undertaken to find the solutions of day to day academic issues is called action research.
The field of education often uses action research, an interactive method of collecting information that's used to explore topics of teaching, curriculum development and student behavior in the classroom. (

7. Research Area in Educational Research
Learning difficulties
Learning styles
Subjects specific skills
Achievement
Aptitude
Interest
Behavioral issues of learners
Issues related to parents
Use of new methods
Application of ICT
Program Development
Case study
Inclusive education
Teaching styles
Evaluation
Administration

8. Research Proposal
A research proposal is a concise and coherent summary of your proposed research.
It sets out the central issues or questions that you intend to address.
It outlines the general area of study within which your research falls, referring to the current state of knowledge and any recent debates on the topic.

9. How to write a research proposal

10. Title Page
Title of the research A proposal submitted to YCMOU for the partial fulfillment of DSM Course Researcher, Name of student (Roll No) Guide, Name of the Guide Centre Tilak College of Education, Pune

11. Development of a remedial program for
under-achiever students of std 7th in Geography Subject and testing its effectiveness
A proposal submitted to Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University, Nashik for the partial fulfillment of Diploma in School Management Course
Researcher,
Pradnya Gaikwad (Roll No 43)
Guide,
Prof.Suresh Isave
Centre
Tilak College of Education, Pune

12. 1.Backgroud of the research
Explain and prove how the problem exist with various references.
Describe the background, theory, facts, reports, news related to the topic/ problem/issue that is selected for the study.
Under achiever students : Concept, types, theories, causes etc.
Remedial program : nature and effectiveness

13. 2.Review of related literature
Review of previous researches of DSM, M.Ed., M.Phil., Ph.D., research articles-papers.
Review of books and articles related to the topic.
Exact match is not possible, so it should be related with any of the research variables –
e.g. Development of a remedial program for
under-achiever students of std 7th in Geography Subject and testing its effectiveness.

14. 3.Need and Importance of the research
Describe how the study is useful to address the broader issue and how the study will help to find the possible solutions.
E.g. the present research will be helpful to provide solutions for better achievement of under achiever students.

15. 4.Title of the research
Nature of the research, Population and Variables should be mentioned in the title.
It should be in title form and not statement form, avoid verb in a title.
Nature of the research (development), Population (under achiever students of Std 7th) and Variables(Achievement and of the remedial program )

16. 5.Statement of the Problem
Statement is an extended form of the title.
e.g.- Development of activity based remedial program for under-achiever students of std 7th in Geography Subject to improve scores in written exam and testing the effectiveness of the program to improve achievement.

17. 6.Operational Definition
Conceptual definitions are taken from books/articles.
Operational definitions of the terms, defines the meaning of the terms in reference to the research.
e.g.- Geography subject – the subject prescribed in Maharashtra State Board Curriculum as a third language for Marathi medium.

18. 7.Objectives Should be precise. Each should contain single statement.
An objective should be assigned to each phase of the research.
Find the status
Development of the program
Pre-test
Implementation of intervention
Post-test

19. Objectives (Phases wise)
To find out the status of the problem ( ..achievement of the students in Geography ..)
To find out/determine/assess the nature of the problem ( ..Geography achievement..)
To develop program ( to improve ……………..)
To test the effectiveness of the program

20. 8.Hypothesis
Hypothesis – for quantitative study (Experimental research)
An hypothesis is a specific statement of prediction of result of a study.
It describes in concrete, rather than theoretical, terms what researcher expects, will be outcome of a study.
Hypothesis is wise guess/ tentative answer/expected result of a problem.

21. 8.Hypothesis Types of Hypothesis –
Research Hypothesis : Its is the expected answer of the intervention.
e.g.-a)The achievement of the students in Geography Subject will be increased after implementation of remedial program.
b)The errors of the students in drawing diagram will be reduced after a program.

22. 8.Hypothesis Types of Hypothesis –
Null Hypothesis : Null Hypothesis is made for testing the effectiveness by using statistical tools.
e.g. There will be no significant difference between scores of students of Std. 7th in pre-test and post-test with reference to remedial program.

23. 8.Research Question
Research Questions – Included in qualitative study e.g. Survey
Research questions should be form as per objectives of a study.
e.g.- objective -To find out the status of the problem achievement of the students in Geography subject
R.Q.- What is the status of the problem achievement of the students in Geography subject ?

24. 8.Research Question
e.g.- objective -To find out the status of the problem achievement of the students in Geography subject
R.Q.- What is the status of the problem achievement of the students in Geography subject ?

25. 9.Assumptions Assumptions are the base of the issue and program.
Assumptions may be taken from previous experiences, researchers.
These are expectations of a researcher from situation and a target group.
e.g.- 1) students of Std 7th has problems in Geography Subjects.( Morris,2016)
2) Remedial program help to improve learning (Patil, 2007)

26. 10. Variables
Dependent - On which the impact will be done ( impact/effect/change)
Achievement, attitude, learning style, problems
Independent – With which the impact will be done ( treatment/intervention/Program)
Remedial program, use of ICT, use of different strategies)

27. 10.Variable
Extraneous/ confounding variable – age, interest, previous knowledge, socio-economical status of the students.

28. 10.Variable
Independent variable is a tool to change dependant variable and extraneous variable which may interrupt the change.

29. 11.Scope, Delimitations and Limitations
Scope – Level and Place
Delimitations – Delimitations are determined by a researcher about attributes of population
Limitations – Flaws/lackunas of the research procedures or tools.

30. 12.Population and Sample
Population – the results applicable to a specific group of common characteristics
e.g.- 8th STD students of Geography medium of state board
Sample – small size group form population for actual study e.g.- 8th STD students of Geography medium of state board from Priydarshani School, Pune

31. 12.Sampling
Sampling – The method to select the sample from population Research-methodology.net

32. Types of Research methods
Historical
(Past)
(Present)
Descriptive
Experimental
(Future)

33. What was the status of variables?
Historical Research
What was the status of variables?
Historical research tends to find facts in the past. Researchers focuses on historical sources to collect the data.
e.g. Case-study

34. What is the status of variables?
Descriptive Research
What is the status of variables?
A researcher may analyze the data that he has collected and discovers that different variables are correlated. It is about finding the status of variable in present situation.
E.g.- Survey

35. Experimental Research
Is the status of variables changeable?
Experimental research provides the control on the variable and give opportunity to modify the variable in controlled situation. Researcher establishes a systematic and logical association between manipulated factors and observed effects.
Action Research is a type of Experimental method.

36. Research Procedure www.sureshisave.in/ Selection of a problem
Review of related literature
Defining objectives & methodology
Development of data collection tool
Development of treatment
Pretest
Experiment
Post test
Data analysis
Conclusions
Report writing
Presentation/ publication

37. 14.Tools of Data Collection
Sr.
Purpose
Data Collection Tools 1
To collect the responses/views on a particular issue
Questionnaire 2
To test one’s subject knowledge
Achievement Test 3
To interview
Interview Schedule 4
To find out the one’s interest
Interest inventory 5
To know one’s aptitude
Aptitude test

38. 15.Tools of Data Analysis
Data presentation – graphs, tables and tables
Data Analysis & Interpretation – Percentage, percentile, mean, mode, etc.
(Advanced Statistical tools - t-test, F-test etc.)

39. 16.Schedule Sr. Task Period 1 Proposal Writing 2
Review of Related Literature 3
Proposal Submission 4
Tool Development 5
Data Collection 6
Data Analysis & Interpretation 7
Report Writing 8
Presentation & Submission of a report

40. 17.Budget Sr. No. Head Amount in Rs. 1 Traveling 2
Development of tools 3
Development of program 4
Study material for students 5
Equipment 6
Report typing 7
Miscellaneous
Total

41. 18.Bibliography
A bibliography is a list of all of the sources you have used in the process of researching your work.
APA style is used to write bibliography.
In general, a bibliography should include, the authors' names, year of work, the titles of the works and publisher.

42. References & Bibliography
When a content from sources copied as it is, from original source.
Bibliography :
When the content is studied to understand, not copied as it is from the original source.

43. Books
Bhandarkar ,K.M. (2014). Statistics in education. Neelkamal Publications Pvt. Ltd. Hyhrabad
Koul Lokesh. (2011). Methodology of educational research in education. Vikas
Publishing House Pvt.Ltd. New Delhi.

44. Article
Minila K George .(2013). Development of E learning materials for enhancing
process skills in physics and its effectiveness in retention among secondary school students in Kerla Researcher. Retrieved from   Appears in Departments: Government Brennen College.

45. Reports
OECD.(2004). New perspective on ICT skills and employment. Organization
for Economic – Co operation and Development, Paris, France. Retrieved from

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