1. The Transport
of Materials
Between Cells

2. Question: How are nutrients and wastes exchanged between cells?
Answer:
By a process called cellular transport

3. There are two types of transport…
Passive transport
Active transport

4. Passive vs Active transport
Passive transport: movement from high concentration to lower concentration Without using energy (ATP) .
Examples:
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport: movement of particles from low concentration to higher concentration by using energy (ATP)

5. Past learning: What is the function of the cell membrane?

6. 1. DIFFUSION: The natural movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.

7. Diffusion
high concentration
low concentration

8. In which direction will these molecules diffuse?
high concentration
low concentration

9. In which cell is diffusion occurring?

10. Why do molecules move from high concentration to low concentration?

11. All molecules are always in motion.
Gas
Solid
Liquid
The higher the temperature, the faster they move.

12. What will happen?

13. DIFFUSION STOPS WHEN EQUILIBRIUM IS REACHED.
Eventually, the molecules will be evenly spread out.
Equilibrium: When there is an even concentration of molecules.
DIFFUSION STOPS WHEN EQUILIBRIUM IS REACHED.

14. Equilibrium is reached.
Into the cell or Out of the cell?
Out of the cell.
Into the cell.
until...
Equilibrium is reached.

16. Why didn’t they diffuse?
Because it’s TOO BIG!!

19. The Rate of Diffusion depends on:
Concentration gradient: Difference between the two concentrations.
Size of particles – Large Molecules Won’t Fit through Cell Membrane
Temperature (Molecules move faster when they are hotter.)

20. Concentration Gradient: The amount of difference between the 2 concentrations.
Larger Gradient

21. Which diffusion will occur more quickly?
Why? Because there is a greater concentration gradient.

22. 2. Facilitated diffusion
Movement of molecules from high concentration to lower concentration with the help of cell membrane protein molecules.

24. 3. Osmosis: The diffusion of water from high water concentration to low water concentration.

25. NOTE - Diffusion and Osmosis do not require energy (ATP) from the cell.

26. 3. Osmosis -

27. Solutes
Substances that are dissolved in a liquid.
Ex: salt in water

28. Hypertonic: Having a higher solute concentration.
(But a lower water concentration)
Hypotonic: Having a lower solute concentration.
But a higher water concentration.

29. Solution is hypertonic. Water will leak out.

30. Hypertonic

31. Solution is hypotonic. Water will rush in.

32. Hypotonic

33. Isotonic: Same concentration.

34. Isotonic

35. Diffusion
Diffusion
80% water
40% water

36. Equilibrium
60% water
60% water

37. Selectively Permeable Membrane
Starch Molecule
Water Molecule

38. Can Equilibrium be reached?

39. Osmosis (passive)

41. Osmosis
Water will rush towards the area that has more solute (salt, starch, etc.) in order to dilute it.

42. Salt will dehydrate and kill a slug.

44. Fresh Water
More solute

45. Lysis: Cell bursts.
Fresh Water

46. In Salt Water Animal cell will shrivel.
Plant cell wall maintains its shape.
The cell membrane and its insides will shrivel.

47. Salt Water
Add salt water
Water rushes out of the cell.
Cell shrinks.

50. Cell Wall
cytoplasm
Cell Membrane

51. Fresh Water
Salt Water

52. 2 Ways to Look at it:
20% Salt
80% Water
100%
Water
0% Salt

53. OSMOSIS: Which Way?
20% Water
80% Water

54. OSMOSIS: Which Way?
50% Water
50% Salt

55. OSMOSIS: Which Way?
30% Water
70% Salt
40% Salt

56. Water diffuses towards salt.
Swell
Shrink

57. Concentration gradient

58. 2 Ways to Look at it:
20% Salt
80% Water
100%
Water
All Water

59. OSMOSIS: Which Way?
40% Salt
10% Salt

60. OSMOSIS: Which Way?
50% Water
55% Water

61. OSMOSIS: Which Way?
15% Salt
45% Salt

62. OSMOSIS: Which Way?
90% Water
70% Water

63. OSMOSIS: Which Way?
10% Water
30% Water

64. How?
Active Transport – movement of particles from LOW concentration to HIGH concentration but requires energy (ATP)!!!!

65. The cell can use energy!

67. Active Transport
Can use endocytosis (in) or exocytosis (out).

68. Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Vacuole

69. Even though the cell membrane can control what enters the cell to an extent, poisons can still enter.

70. Active Transport
diffusion

71. Active Transport
diffusion

72. Passive or Active?

73. Passive or Active?

74. Passive or Active?

75. Passive or Active?

76. Which process requires energy from the cell and which does not?
Fresh Water
OSMOSIS
Contractile Vacuole

77. Fresh Water
Paramecium
Fresh Water

78. Membrane Proteins
Some membrane proteins help communicate with other cells.
Other proteins do active transport.

79. Active Transport
The cell uses energy (ATP) in order to move molecules from low concentration to high concentration.

80. PASSIVE TRANSPORT
No energy

81. ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Requires energy

82. Active Transport Passive Transport Equilibrium is reached.
Requires energy (ATP)
Low to High
Equilibrium is NOT reached.
Requires no energy
High to Low
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilatated diffusion
Equilibrium is reached.

83. Practice problems

84. Passive or Active?
You soak a cell in iodine but the cell never fills with iodine.

85. Passive or Active?
You soak a cell in methylene blue and eventually it becomes fully blue.

86. more salt moving out of the cell than into the cell
The biologist added a 10% salt solution to the slide and observed the cell as shown in diagram B.
The change in appearance of the cell resulted from…….
more salt moving out of the cell than into the cell
more salt moving into the cell than out of the cell
more water moving into the cell than out of the cell
more water moving out of the cell than into the cell

87. Go Over Quiz

88. starch sugar protein amino acid fat fatty acid
Quiz Today!
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a _________________________.
What is an indicator?
Which molecules are small enough to pass through a cell membrane?
starch sugar protein amino acid fat fatty acid

92. What will happen?

95. Cell Membrane

99. Does diffusion require energy from this cell?

100. Since cyanide is a poison that limits a cell's ability to manufacture ATP, a cell containing cyanide is least likely to carry on the process of…..
passive transport
active transport
diffusion

101. Passive or Active?
A red blood cell maintains a higher concentration of Potassium inside its cell than outside.

102. Passive or Active?
You soak a cell in iodine but the cell never fills with iodine.

103. Passive or Active?
You soak a cell in methylene blue and eventually it becomes fully blue.

104. Passive or Active?
Equilibrium is reached.

105. Passive or Active?
The cell stays out of equilibrium.

106. Passive or Active?
ATP is used.

107. Passive or Active?
No energy is needed.

108. Which process is best represented in this diagram?
active transport
diffusion

109. active transport diffusion
With the passage of time, some molecules move from area B to area A. This movement is the result of the process of:
active transport
diffusion

110. ATP is being used to move the molecules out of which cell(s)?
cell A, only
cell B, only
both cell A and cell B
neither cell A nor cell B

111. Which process is directly responsible for the net movement of K+ and Mg++ into the cell?
diffusion
active transport

112. Which row represents Diffusion? (Passive Transport)

113. Which row represents ACTIVE TRANSPORT?

114. S A A S P P S P P A S A S