1. Post-War Europe and the Beginnings of the Cold War

2. The Cost of the War The final casualty count: 72 Million
420,000 Americans
23 million Russians
7.5 million Germans
6 Million Jews
4% of the 1940 world population

4. The Cost of the War
The war cost $2.1 trillion dollars.

5. Impacts of World War II War Crimes Trials Occupation of Germany
Occupation of Eastern Europe
Occupation of Japan
The United Nations
Marshall Plan
Warsaw Pact
NATO
The Cold war

6. War Crimes Trials Many atrocities took place at the hands of the Axis
Powers.
11 Million murdered
During the Holocaust by
The Nazis
Estimates up to 30 million
Slaughtered by the Japanese
(Rape of Nanking)

8. Nuremberg Trials 24 Nazi Civilian and Military leaders
are put on trial for crimes against
humanity

9. 12 executed, 4 acquitted, 8 given a
Nuremberg Trials
12 executed, 4 acquitted, 8 given a
prison sentence
Karl Donitz Hermann Goering Ernst Kaltenbrunner
Prison Death Death

10. Tokyo War Crimes 25 put on Trial, 7 executed Hideki Tojo -- Death
Itagaki Seishiro -- Death

11. The United Nations When does talk about established the
“United Nations” begin?
What does the UN plan to replace?

12. The United Nations U.S.A France Britain China U.S.S.R.
April 25, 1945: 50 nations meet in
San Francisco to establish a new
Worldwide peacekeeping body.
UN Security Council
U.S.A
France
Britain
China
U.S.S.R.
Which country stands out?

13. The Occupation of Eastern Europe
Following Germany’s defeat, Stalin’s army
Remains in Eastern Europe
(Poland, Lithuania, Czechoslovakia,
Romania, Etc.)

15. Occupation of Eastern Europe
Stalin takes over the governments of these countries and establishes Communist puppet states know as “satellite nations.”

16. Occupation of Eastern Europe
Stalin’s Goals:
Expansion of power
Encourage the spread of communism
Create a barrier between Russia & Germany
Use Eastern Europe’s raw materials to rebuild Russia’s economy
Counterbalance U.S. influence

17. U.S.A vs. U.S.S.R U.S.A U.S.S.R Government Type Gov’t Type
Democracy = Power to the people
Economy Type
Capitalist = People/Citizens own business
U.S.S.R
Gov’t Type
Socialist = Power to 1 dictator
Communist = Government owns business

18. Occupation of Germany Germany divided by the four allied powers
Great Britain, U.S.A., and France control West Germany
Russia controls East Germany

19. Occupation of Germany
The German capital, Berlin, is split as well even though it is inside of Eastern Germany.

21. The Iron Curtain “A shadow has fallen upon the scenes so lately
lighted by the Allied victory From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.”

22. Iron Curtain

23. The
Cold
WAr

25. What was the Cold War?

26. The Cold War
1945
1990
The Cold War begins at the end of World War II and ends with the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991

28. Truman Doctrine:

29. The Marshall Plan
To help avoid war and rebuild Western Europe, the U.S. gives over $13 Billion to participating nations.

30. The Marshall Plan
Can anyone think of another reason the U.S. would give all that money to these unstable countries?
Stop them from falling to communism – policy of “containment”

31. The Berlin Airlift
1948: Stalin attempts to take over the parts of Berlin that belong to the Western powers.
He closes off all highway and rail routes into West Berlin.

32. The Berlin Airlift The Western powers begin to send relief. 327 days
277,000 flights
2.3 million tons of supplies.

33. NO you don’t, Stalin!

34. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Increased fear of Soviet aggression after Berlin blockade
Ten Western European nations, along with the U.S. and Canada, create the North Atlantic Treaty organization.
Pledge military support if one nation is attacked.
First peacetime military alliance in U.S. History.

35. The Warsaw Pact
Created by the Soviet Union in response to NATO and West Germany’s rearmament.
Linked the Soviet Union with seven Eastern Bloc countries.