1. Cell Biology
By: Langston Tunson

2. What Is Cell Biology?
Cell Biology is the branch of biology that focuses on the structure and functions of a cell. This branch is centered around the idea that the cell is the basic unit of life.

3. Intro to cells
Essential Idea: The evolution of multicellular organisms allowed for cell specialization and cell replacement

4. Living Organisms are composed of Cells

5. Unicellular organisms carry out all functions of life

6. Cell surface to volume is an important limitation to cell size

7. Multicellular organisms have properties that emerge due to the interaction of the cellular components.

8. Specialized tissues can develop by cell differentiation in multicellular organisms

9. Differentiation involves the expression of some genes and not other in a cell genome

10. The capacity of stem cells to divide and differentiate along different pathways is necessary in embryonic development and also makes stem cells suitable for therapeutic uses

11. Ultrastructure of Cells
Essential Idea: Eukaryotes have a much more complex cell structure than prokaryotes

12. Prokaryotes have a simple cell structure without compartmentalization

13. Eukaryotes have a compartmentalized cell structure

14. Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution than light microscopes

15. Membrane Structure
Essential Idea: the structure of biological membrane makes them fluid and dynamic

16. Phospholipids form bilayers in water due to the amphipathic properties of phospholipid molecules

17. Membrane proteins are diverse in terms of structure, position in the membrane and function

18. Cholesterol is a component of animal cell membranes

19. Membrane Transport
Essential Idea: membranes control the composition of cells by active and passive transport

20. Particles move across membranes by simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and active transport

21. Particles move across membranes by simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and active transport
Osmosis

22. The fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells by endocytosis or released by exocytosis. Vesicles move material within cells.

23. Origin of Cells
Essential Idea: there is an unbroken chain of life from the first cells on Earth to all cells in organisms alive today

24. Cells can only be formed by division of pre-existing cells
Louis Pasteur

25. The first cell must have arisen from non-living material
Urey-Miller Experiment

26. The origin of eukaryotic cells can be explained by the endosymbiotic theory

27. Cell Division
Essential Idea: cell division is essential but must be controlled

28. Mitosis is division of the nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei

29. Chromosome condense by supercoiling during mitosis

30. Cytokinesis occurs after mitosis and is different in plants and animal cells
Plant Cells

31. Interphase is a very active phase of the cell cycle with many processes occurring in the nucleus and cytoplasm

32. Cyclins are involved in the control of the cell cycle

33. Mutagen, oncogenes and metastasis are involved in the development of primary and secondary tumors

34. Mutagen, oncogenes and metastasis are involved in the development of primary and secondary tumors

35. Sources