1. Chapter 3 Cell Biology & Genetics
Part 1

2. Cells Basic units of ALL living things
Smallest part of an organism that have the characteristics of life
All eukaryotic cells have
Plasma membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Organelles
cork cells

3. What do “cells” do? Cellular Functions
Undergo metabolic reactions (metabolism) & Use Energy
Synthesis of Molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids)
Communication
Reproduction & Inheritance

4. CELL CITY

5. Cell Video
Inner Life of a Cell

6. Cell Parts (page 58-59) PLASMA MEMBRANE
Function…..
outer boundary of cells
Controls the entry and exit of substances
Contain “receptor proteins” (name tags) which identify the cells to recognize other cells (communication)

7. Plasma Membrane - Structure
Phospholipid bi-layer containing cholesterol molecules and proteins

8. Nucleus - Function Control center of cell
Houses the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) which regulates protein synthesis (remember enzymes are a type of protein) & the chemical reactions that take place within the cell

9. Nucleus - Structure
Enclosed by nuclear envelope (double membrane) which has pores
Contains chromatin (DNA)
Contains a nucleolus which is where ribosomes are made

10. Ribosome - Function
Site of Protein Synthesis

11. Ribosome - Structure Made of rRNA (ribosomal RNA) and proteins
Some ribosomes are found attached to endoplasmic reticulum and some are “free” floating in the cytoplasm

12. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) - Function
Synthesizes Proteins and then transports them to the Golgi Apparatus

13. Rough ER - Structure
Membranous tubules and flattened sacs with attached ribosomes

14. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) - Function
Makes lipids and carbohydrates
Detoxifies harmful chemicals
Stores Calcium

15. Smooth ER - Structure
Membranous tubules and flattened sacs with no attached ribosomes

16. Golgi Apparatus (aka Golgi Body) - Function
Modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids for secretion or internal use

17. Golgi Body - Structure
Flattened membrane sacs stacked on each other

18. Lysosome – Function & Structure
Function: contains digestive enzymes
Structure : membrane bound vesicle (pinched off from Golgi)

19. Peroxisome – Function & Structure
Function : site of amino acid and lipid breakdown & breaks down hydrogen peroxide
Structure: membrane bound vesicle

20. Proteasomes – Function & Structure
Function : Break down proteins in cytoplasm
Structure: tube-like protein complex in cytoplasm

21. Mitochondria - Function
Major site of ATP (energy) synthesis when oxygen is available

22. Mitochondria - Structure
Double membrane bound organelles
Inner membrane forms “infoldings” called cristae

23. Centrioles - Function Site of microtubule formation
Form the base of flagella and cillia

24. Centrioles - Structure
PAIR of cylindrical organelles in the centrosome (MTOC) consisting of triplets of parallel microtubules

25. Cilia - Function
Move materials over the surface of cells

26. Cilia - Structure Extensions of the plasma membrane
Contains DOUBLETS of parallel microtubules
10 micrometers long

27. Flagella – Function & Structure
Propels spermatozoa (in humans)
Extensions of plasma membrane containing doublets of parallel microtubules
55 micrometers long

28. Cilia vs Flagella

29. Microvilli – Function & Structure
Function: Increase surface area of plasma membrane for absorption and secretion; modified form of sensory receptors
Structure: extensions of plasma membrane containing microfilaments