2. Chapter Menu Lesson 1: Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Lesson 2: Organisms and Ecosystems
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3. 12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors
ecosystem
abiotic factor
humus
biotic factor
species
population
community
limiting factor

4. 12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Ecosystems
Consist of living things, called organisms, and the physical place they live
Examples: coral reefs, woodlands, ponds

5. Abiotic Factors Nonliving parts of an ecosystem
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors
Nonliving parts of an ecosystem
Examples: soil, water, light energy from the Sun

6. Light Energy from the Sun
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Light Energy from the Sun
Most important abiotic factor for life on Earth
Hits Earth at different angles

7. Temperature An abiotic factor influenced by light energy from the Sun
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Temperature
An abiotic factor influenced by light energy from the Sun

8. Climate Pattern of weather that occurs in an area over many years
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Climate
Pattern of weather that occurs in an area over many years

9. 12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Water Cycle

10. 12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Soil
Contains different minerals that affect its chemistry, such as acidity or alkalinity
Dead plants and animals decay in soil, forming a dark-colored material called humus that makes nutrients available to plants.

11. Air Determines the organisms that will live in a particular ecosystem
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Air
Determines the organisms that will live in a particular ecosystem
Some organisms, like humans, take oxygen from the air and release carbon dioxide, while some plants, some bacteria, and some protists can do the opposite.

12. Air Pollution The contamination of the air by harmful substances
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Air Pollution
The contamination of the air by harmful substances
Vehicles and manufacturing are leading causes
Air Pollution

13. Biotic Factors Living parts of an ecosystem Symbiosis
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Biotic Factors
Living parts of an ecosystem
Symbiosis
A species is a group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can reproduce among themselves producing fertile offspring.

14. 12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Population
Number of individuals of one species that occupy the same area
Community: all the populations of species that occupy an area

15. 12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Limiting Factors
An environmental factor that limits how large a population can grow
Populations expand until the biotic or abiotic factors become limiting.

16. Limiting Factors (cont.)
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Limiting Factors (cont.)

17. 12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Food
Needed for energy
The more plants, the more organisms an ecosystem can support
Temperature, type of soil, and amount of sunlight and water affect plant growth.

18. Water All living things need water.
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Water
All living things need water.
An adaptation is any physical or behavioral characteristic that allows an organism to be better suited to the environment.

19. 12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Shelter and Space
Need shelter for protection from both abiotic and biotic factors
Need space in which to live and grow

20. A an environmental factor that limits a population’s growth
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors A B C D
What is a community?
A an environmental factor that limits a population’s growth
B a group of organisms that share similar characteristics
C all the individuals of that species that live in a given location
D all the populations of species that occupy an area
Lesson 1 Review

21. 12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors
What is a dark-colored material that makes nutrients available to plants?
A humus
B soil
C tombolo
D algae
Lesson 1 Review

22. Which of the following is a biotic factor? A temperature B soil
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors A B C D
Which of the following is a biotic factor?
A temperature
B soil
C light energy from the Sun
D a plant
Lesson 1 Review

23. End of Lesson 1

24. 12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems
biome
habitat
niche

25. Biome A zone of major ecological communities on Earth
12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems
Biome
A zone of major ecological communities on Earth
Six of types on Earth:
deciduous forest
desert
grassland
rain forest
taiga
tundra
What are the different types of land environments?

26. 12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems
Biome (cont.)

27. 12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems
Biome (cont.)

28. 12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems
Biome (cont.)

29. Biome (cont.)

30. Habitat Place an organism lives
12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems
Habitat
Place an organism lives
Each species has its own niche, or role, in the environment—how it obtains food and shelter, cares for its young, and avoids danger.

31. South American Habitats
12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems
Habitat (cont.)
South American Habitats
Australian Habitats

32. Why aren’t grasslands forested?
12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems A B C D
Why aren’t grasslands forested?
A They have a dry season with little or no rain.
B They are too cold to support tree growth.
C They are too far north to support tree growth.
D They have a wet season with abundant rain.
Lesson 2 Review

33. What are the two types of rain forests? A deciduous and taiga
12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems A B C D
What are the two types of rain forests?
A deciduous and taiga
B temperate and tropical
C biome and niche
D tundra and taiga
Lesson 2 Review

34. A a place an organism lives B an organism’s role in the environment
12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems A B C D
What is a biome?
A a place an organism lives
B an organism’s role in the environment
C a zone of major ecological communities on Earth
D all the living organisms and the place they live
Lesson 2 Review

35. End of Lesson 2

36. Chapter Resources Menu
Chapter Assessment
California Standards Practice
Concepts in Motion
Image Bank
Science Online
Interactive Table
Virtual Lab
BrainPOP
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding feature.

37. Which biome on Earth is the largest? A tundra B taiga C desert
D rain forest
Chapter Assessment 1

38. Which area of California is mainly temperate deciduous forest? B C D
Which area of California is mainly temperate deciduous forest?
A northern
B southern
C eastern
D western
Chapter Assessment 2

39. In which biome is the ground most likely to be frozen all year?
A temperate deciduous forest
B taiga
C tundra
D rain forest
Chapter Assessment 3

40. A B C D
What do we call the number of individuals of one species that occupy the same area?
A abiotic
B niche
C habitat
D population
Chapter Assessment 4

41. Which is a biotic factor? A soil type B temperature D
Which is a biotic factor?
A soil type
B temperature
C amount of light energy
D a cactus
Chapter Assessment 5

42. Why are there fewer organisms at the poles than at the equator?
SCI 4.a A B C D
Why are there fewer organisms at the poles than at the equator?
A Regions with constant warm temperatures support the greatest number of living things.
B Regions with dramatic temperature swings support the greatest number of living things.
C There is no fresh water at the equator.
D There is no fresh water at the poles.
CA Standards Practice 1

43. Which is an abiotic factor? A coral reef B tree C temperature D fish
SCI 5.e A B C D
Which is an abiotic factor?
A coral reef
B tree
C temperature
D fish
CA Standards Practice 2

44. SCI 5.e A B C D
A group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can reproduce fertile offspring is called a ____.
A family
B community
C species
D niche
CA Standards Practice 3

45. What is a species’ role in an environment? A habitat B niche C climate
SCI 5.d A B C D
What is a species’ role in an environment?
A habitat
B niche
C climate
D adaptation
CA Standards Practice 4

46. Which is the driest biome? A rain forest B desert C taiga D grassland
SCI 5.e A B C D
Which is the driest biome?
A rain forest
B desert
C taiga
D grassland
CA Standards Practice 5

47. Concepts in Motion 1

48. Concepts in Motion 2

49. Image Bank

50. Interactive Table

51. Interactive Table (cont.)

52. End of Resources