1. Today's Outline Topic: All Naming Practice Class Outline: - Textbook assignment 3.3Review - All Naming Practice Today’s Assigned Work: - All Naming Practice(homework) Upcoming Assignments: All Naming ICA Tuesday Nov. 8th Balancing and Types of Rxn ICA Monday Nov. 14th Chemistry Unit Test Friday Nov. 18th Quote: “ A mistake repeated more than once is a decision.” –Paulo Coelho 1 1

2. Chemical Equations and the Law of Conservation of Mass
Section 3.3 Assignment
Chemical Equations and the Law of Conservation of Mass

3. Chemical Reaction
A process in which pure substances undergo a change, forming a different pure substance

4. Reactant
An element or compound that undergoes a chemical reaction.

5. Product
An element or compound that is formed in a chemical reaction.

6. Coefficient
A number placed in front of a chemical formula in a balanced chemical equation to show how many atoms, molecules or ions are involved.

7. Chemical Equation
A representation of a chemical reaction that uses chemical formulas and symbols.

8. 1. Chemical reactions take place every day without us noticing
1. Chemical reactions take place every day without us noticing. Look at table 3.6 on page 128 and identify the chemical reaction that keeps you alive and healthy.
A human performing respiration is an example of a chemical reaction that keeps you alive and healthy each day.
Also, the photosynthesis of an oak tree provides us with oxygen that we need as well.

9. 2. What are the reactants in the chemical reaction you identified in question #1.
In human respiration the reactants are oxygen and glucose.
In photosynthesis the reactants are carbon dioxide and water.

10. 3. What are the products in the chemical reaction you identified in question #1.
The products of human respiration are carbon dioxide and water.
The products of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen.

11. 4. Excess ammonium containing compounds can cause an overgrowth of algae in oceans and lakes. How can bacteria be used to remove the excess ammonium ions from the water?
Bacteria can convert harmful ammonium ions (ammonium nitrite) that are dissolved in water and convert them into gaseous nitrogen and liquid water.
In areas where excess ammonium has caused an overgrowth of algae, bacteria can be used to clean up the water.

12. 5. Identify the chemical equation that describes the process bacteria are using to breakdown the ammonium ions.
Bacteria use the following process to break down ammonium ions:
Ammonium nitrite → nitrogen + water
NH4NO2 → N H2O

13. 6. Explain how Lavoisier discovered the law of conservation of mass.
Antoine Lavoisier made a very important contribution to science when he recognized that the mass of the reactants in a chemical change were equal to the mass of the products.
He performed many experiments using a closed system, carefully measuring the mass of reactants and products. He worked with mercury (l) oxide which reacts to form mercury and oxygen when heated.
His results were always the same; the total mass of the products were equal to the total mass of the reactants.

14. 7. State the law of conservation of mass.
The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction, the total mass of the products is always the same as the total mass of the reactants.
In other words, what goes in must come out!

15. 8. State the atomic theory.
The atomic theory states that each atom in the reactants is also present in the products.
It is important to remember that atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction so the mass does not change.
In other the words, the same number of atoms of each element that entered a chemical reaction must also exit.

16. 9. What is included in a chemical equation?
Chemical equations show the formulas for the elements and compounds involved:
NH4NO2 → N H2O
Word equations use the names of the elements and compounds:
Ammonium nitrite reacts to form nitrogen gas and water.

17. 10. Why is a skeleton equation considered incomplete
10. Why is a skeleton equation considered incomplete? Include an example in your answer.
Skeleton equations are considered incomplete because they do not reflect the law of conservation of mass. They do not include the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.
NH4NO2 → N H2O

18. 11. What is a balanced chemical equation
11. What is a balanced chemical equation? Include an example in your answer.
A balanced chemical equation reflects the law of conservation of mass.
In a balanced chemical equation the same number of atoms of each element are represented on both sides of the chemical equation.
NH4NO2 → N H2O

19. 12. What are the four states of substances that a chemical equation may also provide?
Chemical equations may also provide information about the states of the reactants and products.
Solid (s)
Liquid (l)
Gas (g)
Aqueous (aq) – dissolved in water

20. All Naming Review Ionic Compounds: Molecular Binary Multivalent
Polyatomic
Molecular

21. Writing a Formula: Binary Ionic Compounds:
Write the correct formula for the compounds containing the following ions: 1. Na+, S2- 2. Al3+, Cl- 3. Mg2+, N3-

23. Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
Examples:
NaCl
ZnI2
Al2O3

24. Transition Metals
Elements that can have more than one possible charge MUST have a Roman Numeral to indicate the charge on the individual ion.
1+ or or 3+
Cu+, Cu Fe2+, Fe3+
copper(I) ion iron(II) ion
copper (II) ion iron(III) ion

25. Examples of Older Names of Cations formed from Transition Metals (you do not have to memorize these)

26. Transition Metals Naming
Complete the names of the following binary compounds with variable metal ions: FeBr2 CuCl SnO2 Fe2O3

28. Naming Polyatomic Compounds
Contains at least 3 elements
There MUST be at least one polyatomic ion
(it helps to circle the ions)
Examples:
NaNO3 Sodium nitrate
K2SO4 Potassium sulfate
Al(HCO3)3 Aluminum bicarbonate or
Aluminum hydrogen carbonate

29. Learning Check 1. aluminum nitrate 2. copper(II) nitrate
3. Iron (III) hydroxide
4. Tin(IV) hydroxide

31. Learning Check
1. Na2CO3 2 . Ca(HCO3)2

32. Naming Molecular Compounds
All are formed from two or more nonmetals.
CO2 Carbon dioxide
Ionic compounds generally involve a metal and nonmetal
(NaCl)
BCl3 boron trichloride
CH4 methane

33. Molecular (Covalent) Nomenclature for two nonmetals
Prefix System (binary compounds)
1. Less electronegative atom comes first.
2. Add prefixes to indicate # of atoms. Omit mono- prefix on the FIRST element. Mono- is OPTIONAL on the SECOND element (in this class, it’s NOT optional!).
3. Change the ending of the second element to -ide.

34. Molecular Nomenclature Prefixes
PREFIX mono- di- tri- tetra- penta- hexa- hepta- octa- nona- deca-
NUMBER

35. Molecular Nomenclature: Examples
CCl4
N2O
SF6

37. More Molecular Examples
arsenic trichloride
dinitrogen pentoxide
tetraphosphorus decoxide

38. Mixed Practice Worksheet
Make sure you figure out if it is ionic or molecular before you start naming.

39. Today's Outline Topic: All Naming Practice Class Outline: - Textbook assignment 3.3Review - All Naming Practice Today’s Assigned Work: - All Naming Practice(homework) Upcoming Assignments: All Naming ICA Tuesday Nov. 8th Balancing and Types of Rxn ICA Monday Nov. 14th Chemistry Unit Test Friday Nov. 18th Quote: “ A mistake repeated more than once is a decision.” –Paulo Coelho 39 39