1. Atoms and Elements
Ch 5

2. Chapter Outline Ch 4.1 Atoms and elements
Ch 4.2 Arranging the elements
Ch 4.3 Bonding
Ch 4.4 Family groupings
Chem wiki Interactives
Introduction to Atomic Structure - Australian Youtube 13 mins

3. (+)
(+)
(nil)
(-)

4. Ch 4.1 Atoms and elements page 105
Atoms – are particles that make up every substance in the universe.
Atoms – contain electrons (-) and a nucleus (protons and neutrons)
Electrons – have a (-) charge and are 1/1800 the mass of a proton or neutron
Nucleus – contains protons (+) and neutrons (neutral)
Indirect evidence of atoms has been obtained from numerous sources eg STM microscope.

5. Electron Shells Elements are always electrically neutral
The number of electrons = the number of protons
Electrons – are negative and spin around the positive nucleus.
Electrons sit in specific shells or energy levels.
Electrons in the inner most shell have the least energy and those in the outer shells have the most energy.

6. Elements – page 107
The number of protons determines what element the atom belongs to.
There are 118 elements and 26 are synthetic.
The chemical formula of a compound (water – H20) tells you the number and type of atoms involved – Hydrogen and Oxygen.
Atomic number = the number of protons.
natrium
aurum
stannum

7. Ch 4.2 Arranging elements page 113

8. Ch 4.2 Arranging elements page 113
Atomic Structure meets the Periodic Table – Australian 8 mins
The periodic table is all of the known elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
It is arranged in rows and columns
Rows represent electron shells - Periods.
Columns represent the number of electrons in the outer shell – Groups
Video – Mendeleev’s Periodic Table (text p 116)
Alternative Periodic Table Worksheet page 116 is worth looking at.

12. Ch 4.3 Bonding page 120
Most atoms form links with other atoms called bonds caused by gaining or losing electrons in the outer shell.
Inert or Noble gases (far right group) are monatomic – they are extremely stable and don’t even bond with the same atoms.
Ions are atoms that have either gained or lost an electron/s.
There are 3 types of bonding:
Metallic – between metal atoms
Ionic – between metals and non-metal atoms
Covalent – between non-metal atoms

13. Metallic Bonding - p121
Metallic Bonding animation

14. Properties of metals
Copy the definition only

15. Copy the definition only

16. Copy the definition only

17. Copy the definition only

18. Ionic Bonding p 122
Ionic bonding occurs between metals and non-metals eg NaCl – (animation)
Metals tend to have a weak hold on their outer electrons, whereas non-metals have a very strong hold on their outer electrons – the result is electrons move from the metals to the non-metals and an ionic bond forms. Bonding interactive
Electrostatic forces pull the positive and negative ions together resulting in a three-dimensional lattice. Copy the diagram p 122 with labels
Copy this diagram p 122

19. outer

22. Predicting Ions by Group Number – Outer shell electrons

23. Covalent Bonding p 124 Covalent bonds – Australian youtube 18 mins
bonding occurs between non-metals eg oxygen gas, chlorine gas carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen gas and water.
Electrons are shared – neither atom totally achieves full control over all of the electrons

26. Ch 4.4 Family groupings page 129
Introduction to the Periodic table - Australian youtube 14 mins
Groups (vertical columns) tend to have similar properties.
Their ionic form can be predicted by their group number.
Alkali and Alkaline metals become more reactive as atomic number increases – group 2 metals are slightly less reactive than group 1 metals.
Halogens become less reactive as atomic number increases

27. Group 1 & 2 Alkali Metals & Alkaline Earth Metals
Alkali metals produce 1+ ions (readily lose one electron)
Alkaline earth metals produce 2+ (readily lose two electrons)
Very reactive – more reactive as their atomic number increases
Metallic properties include electrical conductivity, high melting points.
Alkali metals youtube - 5mins

28. Copy the blue equations and read the black text.

30. Allotropes of Carbon – youtube 2 mins
Write the first sentence
Read the remainder

31. Halogen reactions – youtube 4 mins
No need to draw these molecules
Draw the arrow and the letters

32. Write the first sentence and both equations.

33. Noble gases yoube – 2 mins
Copy the group 18 diagram and the first 2 sentences

35. Copy the first and last sentences