1. HAMIDIAN ERA ( )

2. The Crisis of 1873-78 International Changes
Opening of the Suez Canal (1869)
Franco-Prussian War (1870)
Drought and Famine in Anatolia
Rebellion in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Andrassy Note (1875)
Rebellion in Bulgaria

3. The Coup
The coup against Abdulaziz (1876)
Goals of coup-makers

4. Hüseyin Avni Pasha
Midhat Pasha

5. Murat V
Successor of Abdulaziz
Nervous breakdown

6. Kanun-I Esasi 1876 (The Constitution)
During Istanbul Conference!
Modeled on Belgium Constitution
A Close Look to the Constitution

7. Illustration of the first Ottoman Parliament in 1876
Ottoman constitution promulgated. Palestinian deputies from Jerusalem attend the first Ottoman parliament in Istanbul, elected under a new Ottoman constitution.

8. International Context
Istanbul Conference (1876) Meanwhile, the constitution!!!
Ottoman Russian War
San Stefano Treaty (1878)
Berlin Conference and Berlin Treaty (1878)

10. Debates Around Abdulhamid Regime
Continuity or Rupture
A Radical Modernizer or a Conservative
Ulu Hakan
Red Sultan

11. A Lonely Shehzade
His life at the palace

12. Continuity in Administration
Centralization
Communication
Railway construction 
Efficient Taxation and Conscription
Expansion of Bureaucracy

13. “whether it is Kamil or Said, the real Grand Vizier is the one who resides in Yildiz and that is I”

14. Third class coach in Berlin-Baghdad Railway

15. Continuity in Education
Education as a primary concern
Compulsory primary education
Tribal School

16. Mekteb-i Aşireti Hümayun

17. Press Continuity: Flourishing of newspapers
Change: Increasing Censorship

18. Contrasts from Previous Periods
Power shift
Patrimonial authority with a rational bureaucracy
Loyalty vs Merit
Redefinition of Ottomanism -- > Pan-Islamism!

19. FRIDAY PRAYER CEREMONY

20. Dolmabahce ClockTower
Extensive Usage of Symbols – Emphasis on Traditions
Dolmabahce ClockTower
Ottoman Coat of Arms

21. Abdulhamid’s Personality
Insecure and suspicious of his servants
Espionage network
Jurnals
Personal loyalty

26. Economics Debt Crisis Public Debt Administration (1881)
Düyun-u Umumiye

27. Political Crises Armenian Uprisings (early to mid-1890s)
Hunchak and Dashnaktsutiun
1894 Sasun
1896 Istanbul
Conflict with Greece (mid to late-1890s)(1897)
Macedonian Crisis