1. Chapter 1
Early People

2. Monday, September 25, 2017
Homework: page 62 Map Skills and page 63 # 2-6
Do Now:
page 58 key terms
How is prehistory different from history?

3. Studying Prehistory
Up until 5,000 years ago, there was no way to write things down
Archaeologists look for places people may have lived to study the period of prehistory
They depend mainly on fossils which form in several ways
Examples: plants, feathers, bones, footprints may become hardened by mud or sand when it dies

4. Dating the Remains
Archaeologists use different methods to determine the time period the fossil may be from
Compare objects found in similar layers of rock, objects found in lower layers are usually older
Sometimes archaeologists compare similar fossils to ones that the date is already known
Radioactive dating – scientists measure how much radioactive material is left in s fossil
DNA – scientists use this to compare human remains

5. Searching for Artifacts
Archaeologists search for villages or campsites where people may have lived – they must carefully excavate, or uncover, around the area
They search for artifacts such as tools, pottery, or weapons and try to identify patterns
Sometimes they find carvings in animal bones and the scientists do not know exactly why people may have made these fascinating designs

6. The Hunt for Early Humans
In 1960, British archaeologists Mary and Louis Leakey discovered a piece of a human-like skull at Olduvai Gorge in East Africa
They called their discovery Homo habilis, meaning “handy man”
Evidence showed that these early humans made and used tools
Tests showed that these fossils were at least million years old

7. Searching Africa
Because of the Leakeys’ discovery, the search for human kind was mainly focused in Africa
In November 1974, American fossil hunter Donald Johanson made a discovery that helped shape the views of early human history
He found hundreds of pieces of bone and determined that this belonged to one person who was about 3.5 ft. tall.
Johanson named her “Lucy”
Read page 63, what could Johanson conclude about Lucy?

8. Friday, September 25, 2015 Homework: Do Now:
Read section 2, pages 64-67
Do Now:
Have out last night’s homework 9page 62 and 63)
Page 64 Key Terms

9. Hunter-gatherers Nomads Men hunted Women gathered Simple stone tools
Began the use of fire
Culture built on small bands

10. Neanderthals Larger brains More developed cultures Simple language
Began to burry their dead
Lived in valleys

11. Homo sapiens Tall Athletic Complex language
Marked graves with burial rituals
Made art
Made music
Chose to live on hilltops for planning

12. Wednesday. September 24, 2014 No homework 
Do Now: please take out your homework from last night

13. Migrating All Over the World
Some scientists believe homo sapiens, like other early humans, originated in Africa
From there, they began a long migration all over the world (Out of Africa Theory)
However, not all scientists agree with this theory
Some scientists say humans originated all over the world and as regional populations came together gradually a group formed
Today, we call them Homo Sapiens

14. Changing Environments
As modern humans migrated, they settled in various surroundings
Each new place had its own climate, plants, and animals
With each move, people had to learn to adapt their way of life
Which plants could be eaten?
How do they need to hunt for the different animals?
What kinds of shelters need to be built?

15. The Ice Age The world’s climate has been changing over time
In the past 2 million years, the Earth has experienced 4 long ice ages
The last great Ice Age began about 70,000 years ago, soon after modern humans appeared

16. The Ice Age
Glaciers covered the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and North America
Parts of the southern hemisphere were also under ice
Moving glaciers created mountains, lakes, and rivers
Because most of the water was frozen, precipitation lessened causing places to form deserts

17. Monday, September 29,2014 Homework: Do now: Chapter 1 test Thursday!
Map Skills page 69

18. Staying Warm
Ice Age hunter-gatherers adapted to climate change in many ways
As winter grew longer, people learned to use materials they found to build warm shelters
Example, In Eastern Europe people built huts out of mammoth bone and used the animal skins to keep winter wind and snow out
Also kept fires burning and created warmer clothing from animal skins

19. Forming Larger Communities
One way people began to adapt was forming larger groups
This way, hunters could work together to kill animals such as mammoths
Bigger groups can better defend communities from attack

20. Organizing Large Communities
Growing communities might organize into clans
Groups of families with a common ancestor
A clan can be made up of about people
Clan leaders took a decision making role (ex: organizing a hunt)
Everywhere human society developed, clans or families played a very important role in creating strong communities with trade, dealing with hardships, and finding food